What is the “um… zu” Construction?
The “um… zu” structure in German is used to indicate the purpose or intention of an action. It corresponds closely to the English phrase “in order to.” This construction is followed by an infinitive verb at the end of the clause.
Basic Structure
The standard structure is:
um + [object/information] + zu + [infinitive verb]
This clause usually comes before or after the main clause, depending on the context.
How to Form Sentences with “um… zu”
Let’s look at the step-by-step process for forming sentences with “um… zu.”
Step 1: Identify the Purpose
Ask yourself: What is the purpose of the action in your main sentence?
Step 2: Main Clause
This is the action being done. For example: “Ich lerne Deutsch” (I am learning German).
Step 3: Purpose Clause with “um… zu”
State the reason or goal using “um… zu” and the infinitive verb at the end.
Example: Ich lerne Deutsch, um in Deutschland zu studieren.
Translation: I am learning German (in order) to study in Germany.
Examples of “um… zu” in German Sentences
- Sie geht ins Fitnessstudio, um fit zu bleiben.
She goes to the gym in order to stay fit. - Wir sparen Geld, um eine Reise zu machen.
We save money to take a trip. - Er liest viele Bücher, um sein Deutsch zu verbessern.
He reads many books to improve his German.
Important Rules to Remember
- The subject of the main clause and the “um… zu” clause must be the same. If the subjects differ, you need a subordinate clause with “damit” instead.
- “zu” is always placed directly before the infinitive verb at the end of the clause.
- Objects or additional information come between “um” and “zu.”
When Not to Use “um… zu”
If the subject of the main clause and the purpose clause are different, use “damit” instead of “um… zu.” For example:
Ich bringe meiner Schwester Deutsch bei, damit sie in Deutschland studieren kann.
I teach my sister German so that she can study in Germany.
Common Mistakes with “um… zu”
- Forgetting to put the infinitive verb at the end.
- Using “um… zu” when the subjects differ.
- Placing objects after “zu” instead of between “um” and “zu.”
Practice: Try Making Your Own Sentences
To master “um… zu” with infinitives, practice by making your own sentences. For example:
- Ich lerne mit Talkpal, um mein Hörverständnis zu verbessern.
I learn with Talkpal to improve my listening comprehension.
Keep experimenting with different verbs, objects, and goals to build fluency and confidence.
Conclusion
The “um… zu” construction is a straightforward yet powerful way to express purpose in German. By following the simple rules and practicing with real-life examples, you’ll be able to use this structure naturally in conversations and writing. For more tips and interactive exercises, check out the Talkpal AI language learning blog and start practicing today. Viel Erfolg beim Deutschlernen!
