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Vietnamese Vocabulary for Legal and Law Terms

Student speaking English phrases into voice recorder.

Navigating through the complex world of legal and law terminology can be daunting, especially when dealing with a foreign language. For English speakers learning Vietnamese, understanding the specific terms used in legal contexts is crucial, whether you’re a professional dealing with legal documents or a student exploring law-related topics. This article aims to equip you with essential Vietnamese vocabulary related to law and legal proceedings, along with practical sentences to help you apply these terms in real-life contexts.

Basic Legal Terms

Let’s start with some fundamental terms that form the backbone of most legal discussions.

1. Law – Phรกp luแบญt
– Tรดi ฤ‘ang hแปc vแป phรกp luแบญt Viแป‡t Nam. (I am studying Vietnamese law.)

2. Lawyer – Luแบญt sฦฐ
– Anh แบฅy lร  mแป™t luแบญt sฦฐ giแปi. (He is a good lawyer.)

3. Contract – Hแปฃp ฤ‘แป“ng
– Hแป ฤ‘รฃ kรฝ mแป™t hแปฃp ฤ‘แป“ng mแป›i. (They signed a new contract.)

4. Court – Tรฒa รกn
– Vแปฅ รกn sแบฝ ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc ฤ‘ฦฐa ra xรฉt xแปญ tแบกi tรฒa รกn. (The case will be tried in court.)

5. Judge – Thแบฉm phรกn
– Thแบฉm phรกn ฤ‘รฃ quyแบฟt ฤ‘แป‹nh ngร y xแปญ รกn. (The judge has set the date of the trial.)

Types of Laws

Different areas of law are governed by specific terms. Here are some key categories and their Vietnamese equivalents.

1. Criminal Law – Luแบญt hรฌnh sแปฑ
– Luแบญt hรฌnh sแปฑ Viแป‡t Nam khรก nghiรชm ngแบทt. (Vietnamese criminal law is quite strict.)

2. Civil Law – Luแบญt dรขn sแปฑ
– Cรกc vแบฅn ฤ‘แป vแป bแบฅt ฤ‘แป™ng sแบฃn thฦฐแปng thuแป™c luแบญt dรขn sแปฑ. (Real estate issues are usually under civil law.)

3. Commercial Law – Luแบญt thฦฐฦกng mแบกi
– Anh แบฅy chuyรชn vแป luแบญt thฦฐฦกng mแบกi. (He specializes in commercial law.)

4. Constitutional Law – Luแบญt hiแบฟn phรกp
– Luแบญt hiแบฟn phรกp lร  nแปn tแบฃng cแปงa phรกp luแบญt แปŸ mแปi quแป‘c gia. (Constitutional law is the foundation of the legal system in any country.)

5. International Law – Luแบญt quแป‘c tแบฟ
– Viแป‡t Nam lร  thร nh viรชn cแปงa nhiแปu hiแป‡p ฤ‘แป‹nh luแบญt quแป‘c tแบฟ. (Vietnam is a member of many international law treaties.)

Legal Proceedings and Documents

Understanding the terminology related to legal proceedings and documents is essential for navigating legal systems.

1. Plaintiff – Nguyรชn ฤ‘ฦกn
– Nguyรชn ฤ‘ฦกn ฤ‘รฃ nแป™p ฤ‘ฦกn kiแป‡n lรชn tรฒa รกn. (The plaintiff has filed a lawsuit in court.)

2. Defendant – Bแป‹ ฤ‘ฦกn
– Bแป‹ ฤ‘ฦกn phแปง nhแบญn mแปi cรกo buแป™c. (The defendant denies all charges.)

3. Verdict – Phรกn quyแบฟt
– Phรกn quyแบฟt sแบฝ ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc cรดng bแป‘ vร o cuแป‘i phiรชn tรฒa. (The verdict will be announced at the end of the trial.)

4. Appeal – Khรกng cรกo
– Hแป ฤ‘รฃ quyแบฟt ฤ‘แป‹nh khรกng cรกo lรชn tรฒa รกn cแบฅp cao. (They decided to appeal to the higher court.)

5. Warrant – Lแป‡nh
– Cแบฃnh sรกt ฤ‘รฃ cรณ lแป‡nh bแบฏt giแปฏ. (The police have an arrest warrant.)

Legal Rights and Obligations

Every individual is entitled to certain rights and has specific obligations under the law.

1. Right – Quyแปn
– Mแปi cรดng dรขn ฤ‘แปu cรณ quyแปn bแบงu cแปญ. (Every citizen has the right to vote.)

2. Obligation – Nghฤฉa vแปฅ
– Chรบng ta cรณ nghฤฉa vแปฅ bแบฃo vแป‡ mรดi trฦฐแปng. (We have an obligation to protect the environment.)

3. Privacy – Quyแปn riรชng tฦฐ
– Luแบญt bแบฃo vแป‡ quyแปn riรชng tฦฐ cแปงa mแป—i ngฦฐแปi. (The law protects each individual’s privacy.)

4. Consent – Sแปฑ ฤ‘แป“ng รฝ
– Sแปฑ ฤ‘แป“ng รฝ cแปงa bรชn liรชn quan lร  cแบงn thiแบฟt ฤ‘แปƒ thแปฑc hiแป‡n hแปฃp ฤ‘แป“ng. (The consent of the involved parties is necessary to execute the contract.)

5. Liability – Trรกch nhiแป‡m phรกp lรฝ
– Cรดng ty phแบฃi chแป‹u trรกch nhiแป‡m phรกp lรฝ cho sแบฃn phแบฉm lแป—i. (The company is legally liable for the defective product.)

Conclusion

Understanding legal terms in Vietnamese not only enhances your language skills but also provides you with the tools necessary to navigate legal documents and proceedings. This vocabulary forms the foundation of a more in-depth exploration of Vietnamese law and can be incredibly beneficial for professionals and students alike. As you continue your Vietnamese language journey, remember that practice and real-world application are key to mastering these terms.

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