Navigating through the complex world of legal and law terminology can be daunting, especially when dealing with a foreign language. For English speakers learning Vietnamese, understanding the specific terms used in legal contexts is crucial, whether you’re a professional dealing with legal documents or a student exploring law-related topics. This article aims to equip you with essential Vietnamese vocabulary related to law and legal proceedings, along with practical sentences to help you apply these terms in real-life contexts.
Basic Legal Terms
Let’s start with some fundamental terms that form the backbone of most legal discussions.
1. Law – Phรกp luแบญt
– Tรดi ฤang hแปc vแป phรกp luแบญt Viแปt Nam. (I am studying Vietnamese law.)
2. Lawyer – Luแบญt sฦฐ
– Anh แบฅy lร mแปt luแบญt sฦฐ giแปi. (He is a good lawyer.)
3. Contract – Hแปฃp ฤแปng
– Hแป ฤรฃ kรฝ mแปt hแปฃp ฤแปng mแปi. (They signed a new contract.)
4. Court – Tรฒa รกn
– Vแปฅ รกn sแบฝ ฤฦฐแปฃc ฤฦฐa ra xรฉt xแปญ tแบกi tรฒa รกn. (The case will be tried in court.)
5. Judge – Thแบฉm phรกn
– Thแบฉm phรกn ฤรฃ quyแบฟt ฤแปnh ngร y xแปญ รกn. (The judge has set the date of the trial.)
Types of Laws
Different areas of law are governed by specific terms. Here are some key categories and their Vietnamese equivalents.
1. Criminal Law – Luแบญt hรฌnh sแปฑ
– Luแบญt hรฌnh sแปฑ Viแปt Nam khรก nghiรชm ngแบทt. (Vietnamese criminal law is quite strict.)
2. Civil Law – Luแบญt dรขn sแปฑ
– Cรกc vแบฅn ฤแป vแป bแบฅt ฤแปng sแบฃn thฦฐแปng thuแปc luแบญt dรขn sแปฑ. (Real estate issues are usually under civil law.)
3. Commercial Law – Luแบญt thฦฐฦกng mแบกi
– Anh แบฅy chuyรชn vแป luแบญt thฦฐฦกng mแบกi. (He specializes in commercial law.)
4. Constitutional Law – Luแบญt hiแบฟn phรกp
– Luแบญt hiแบฟn phรกp lร nแปn tแบฃng cแปงa phรกp luแบญt แป mแปi quแปc gia. (Constitutional law is the foundation of the legal system in any country.)
5. International Law – Luแบญt quแปc tแบฟ
– Viแปt Nam lร thร nh viรชn cแปงa nhiแปu hiแปp ฤแปnh luแบญt quแปc tแบฟ. (Vietnam is a member of many international law treaties.)
Legal Proceedings and Documents
Understanding the terminology related to legal proceedings and documents is essential for navigating legal systems.
1. Plaintiff – Nguyรชn ฤฦกn
– Nguyรชn ฤฦกn ฤรฃ nแปp ฤฦกn kiแปn lรชn tรฒa รกn. (The plaintiff has filed a lawsuit in court.)
2. Defendant – Bแป ฤฦกn
– Bแป ฤฦกn phแปง nhแบญn mแปi cรกo buแปc. (The defendant denies all charges.)
3. Verdict – Phรกn quyแบฟt
– Phรกn quyแบฟt sแบฝ ฤฦฐแปฃc cรดng bแป vร o cuแปi phiรชn tรฒa. (The verdict will be announced at the end of the trial.)
4. Appeal – Khรกng cรกo
– Hแป ฤรฃ quyแบฟt ฤแปnh khรกng cรกo lรชn tรฒa รกn cแบฅp cao. (They decided to appeal to the higher court.)
5. Warrant – Lแปnh
– Cแบฃnh sรกt ฤรฃ cรณ lแปnh bแบฏt giแปฏ. (The police have an arrest warrant.)
Legal Rights and Obligations
Every individual is entitled to certain rights and has specific obligations under the law.
1. Right – Quyแปn
– Mแปi cรดng dรขn ฤแปu cรณ quyแปn bแบงu cแปญ. (Every citizen has the right to vote.)
2. Obligation – Nghฤฉa vแปฅ
– Chรบng ta cรณ nghฤฉa vแปฅ bแบฃo vแป mรดi trฦฐแปng. (We have an obligation to protect the environment.)
3. Privacy – Quyแปn riรชng tฦฐ
– Luแบญt bแบฃo vแป quyแปn riรชng tฦฐ cแปงa mแปi ngฦฐแปi. (The law protects each individual’s privacy.)
4. Consent – Sแปฑ ฤแปng รฝ
– Sแปฑ ฤแปng รฝ cแปงa bรชn liรชn quan lร cแบงn thiแบฟt ฤแป thแปฑc hiแปn hแปฃp ฤแปng. (The consent of the involved parties is necessary to execute the contract.)
5. Liability – Trรกch nhiแปm phรกp lรฝ
– Cรดng ty phแบฃi chแปu trรกch nhiแปm phรกp lรฝ cho sแบฃn phแบฉm lแปi. (The company is legally liable for the defective product.)
Conclusion
Understanding legal terms in Vietnamese not only enhances your language skills but also provides you with the tools necessary to navigate legal documents and proceedings. This vocabulary forms the foundation of a more in-depth exploration of Vietnamese law and can be incredibly beneficial for professionals and students alike. As you continue your Vietnamese language journey, remember that practice and real-world application are key to mastering these terms.