دستور (Dustūr) – Constitution
The constitution is the fundamental law that establishes the government’s structure, the distribution of powers, and the rights of citizens in a state.
يجب على جميع المواطنين احترام الدستور.
(All citizens must respect the constitution.)

برلمان (Barlamān) – Parliament
Parliament is the legislative body in a country, typically made up of elected representatives responsible for making laws.
سيتم انتخاب أعضاء البرلمان الجديد شهر القادم.
(The new parliament members will be elected next month.)

ديمقراطية (Dīmuqrāṭiyya) – Democracy
Democracy is a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting and participate actively in the political process.
تعتبر الديمقراطية أحد أهم مبادئ الحكومة العادلة.
(Democracy is considered one of the most important principles of a just government.)

حزب (Ḥizb) – Party
In politics, a party is an organized group of people with similar political aims and opinions that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected.
انضممت إلى الحزب السياسي لأنني أتفق مع رؤيتهم.
(I joined the political party because I agree with their vision.)

انقلاب (Inqilāb) – Coup
A coup, or coup d’état, is a sudden and often violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group, typically the military.
حدث انقلاب عسكري وتم الإطاحة بالحكومة.
(A military coup occurred, and the government was overthrown.)

معارضة (Mu’āraḍa) – Opposition
The opposition refers to one or more political parties that oppose the government’s policies and actions.
ألقى زعيم المعارضة خطاباً قوياً في البرلمان.
(The opposition leader delivered a powerful speech in parliament.)

دبلوماسية (Diblūmāsiyya) – Diplomacy
Diplomacy is the practice of conducting negotiations and maintaining relations between countries.
تُعتبر الدبلوماسية وسيلة هامة لحل النزاعات الدولية.
(Diplomacy is considered an important means for resolving international conflicts.)

تصويت (Taswīt) – Voting
Voting is the act of casting a ballot or making a choice in an election or decision-making process in various types of assemblies or meetings.
سيذهب الشعب لمراكز التصويت غداً لاختيار الرئيس.
(The people will go to voting centers tomorrow to choose the president.)

سيادة (Siyāda) – Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.
تحرص الدولة على حماية سيادتها الوطنية.
(The state is keen to protect its national sovereignty.)

حقوق الإنسان (Ḥuqūq al-Insān) – Human Rights
Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected in municipal and international law.
يُعتبر ملف حقوق الإنسان أولوية في الاجتماعات الدولية.
(The human rights file is a priority in international meetings.)

استفتاء (Istiṭlā’ā) – Referendum
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal, often a change to the constitution.
صوت الشعب بنعم في الاستفتاء لتعديل الدستور.
(The people voted yes in the referendum to amend the constitution.)

Understanding these terms can significantly contribute to a deeper comprehension of Arabic-speaking countries’ political landscapes. Language learners who grasp these concepts can actively participate in more sophisticated discussions and analyses, providing a more well-rounded perspective on world affairs.