医生 (yīshēng) – Doctor/Physician
This term is used to refer to medical doctors, regardless of their specialization.
我需要预约看医生。 (Wǒ xūyào yùyuē kàn yīshēng.) – I need to make an appointment with a doctor.

护士 (hùshi) – Nurse
This word is for qualified medical professionals who assist doctors and care for patients.
护士正在给病人打针。 (Hùshi zhèngzài gěi bìngrén dǎ zhēn.) – The nurse is giving the patient an injection.

医院 (yīyuàn) – Hospital
Any establishment where patients receive medical treatment.
这家医院非常现代化。 (Zhè jiā yīyuàn fēicháng xiàndàihuà.) – This hospital is very modern.

药 (yào) – Medicine
This covers all forms of medication, from pills to syrups.
医生开了一些药给我。 (Yīshēng kāi le yīxiē yào gěi wǒ.) – The doctor prescribed some medicine for me.

疼痛 (téngtòng) – Pain
The general term for any sense of bodily discomfort or pain.
我的背部有点疼痛。 (Wǒ de bèibù yǒudiǎn téngtòng.) – My back is a bit painful.

手术 (shǒushù) – Surgery
Any procedure that involves cutting the body to treat or diagnose a condition.
他需要进行心脏手术。 (Tā xūyào jìnxíng xīnzàng shǒushù.) – He needs to undergo heart surgery.

病人 (bìngrén) – Patient
Someone who is receiving or requiring medical treatment.
病人正在等待检查。 (Bìngrén zhèngzài děngdài jiǎnchá.) – The patient is waiting for examination.

检查 (jiǎnchá) – Checkup/Examination
A general term for various medical assessments to evaluate health.
明天早上我有身体检查。 (Míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yǒu shēntǐ jiǎnchá.) – I have a physical examination tomorrow morning.

症状 (zhèngzhuàng) – Symptom
Any indication of a disease or a health issue experienced by the patient.
请描述一下您的症状。 (Qǐng miáoshù yīxià nín de zhèngzhuàng.) – Please describe your symptoms.

体温 (tǐwēn) – Body Temperature
A measurement that indicates the level of heat in the body.
护士正要给他测体温。 (Hùshi zhèng yào gěi tā cè tǐwēn.) – The nurse is about to take his body temperature.

药房 (yàofáng) – Pharmacy
A place where medicinal drugs are prepared, dispensed, or sold.
我要去药房拿药。 (Wǒ yào qù yàofáng ná yào.) – I am going to the pharmacy to get medicine.

预约 (yùyuē) – Appointment
The arrangement to meet with a healthcare provider at a specific time.
你已经预约见医生了吗？ (Nǐ yǐjīng yùyuē jiàn yīshēng le ma?) – Have you already made an appointment to see the doctor?

急诊 (jízhěn) – Emergency
Acute medical care or treatment that is needed unexpectedly and immediately.
因为这个急诊，他们叫了一辆救护车。 (Yīnwèi zhège jízhěn, tāmen jiào le yī liàng jiùhù chē.) – They called an ambulance because of this emergency.

By familiarizing oneself with these essential medical Mandarin terms, healthcare professionals can communicate more effectively with Mandarin-speaking patients, ensuring better understanding and care. It’s also beneficial for anyone interested in expanding their medical vocabulary in another language. As with any language learning, consistent practice and application in real-life situations will help solidify these terms in memory and enhance mastery of medical Mandarin.