Nouns

Nouns are the building blocks of any language. At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with a variety of nouns that cover different aspects of daily life, professions, and environments.

Common Nouns

1. घर (ghar) – Home/House
2. स्कूल (school) – School
3. काम (kaam) – Work
4. मार्केट (market) – Market
5. सड़क (sadak) – Road
6. बाज़ार (bazaar) – Market
7. पानी (paani) – Water
8. खाना (khaana) – Food
9. किताब (kitaab) – Book
10. मित्र (mitra) – Friend

People

1. शिक्षक (shikshak) – Teacher
2. विद्यार्थी (vidyarthi) – Student
3. डॉक्टर (doctor) – Doctor
4. नर्स (nurse) – Nurse
5. पुलिसकर्मी (policeman/policewoman) – Police Officer
6. कर्मचारी (karmachari) – Employee
7. मालिक (maalik) – Owner/Boss
8. बच्चा (bachcha) – Child
9. महिला (mahila) – Woman
10. पुरुष (purush) – Man

Verbs

Understanding and using verbs correctly is crucial for effective communication. Here are some important verbs that you should know at the B1 level.

Action Verbs

1. करना (karna) – To do
2. चलना (chalna) – To walk
3. पढ़ना (padhna) – To read
4. लिखना (likhna) – To write
5. खाना (khaana) – To eat
6. पीना (peena) – To drink
7. देखना (dekhna) – To see/watch
8. सुनना (sunna) – To listen
9. बोलना (bolna) – To speak
10. सोना (sona) – To sleep

Auxiliary Verbs

1. है (hai) – Is
2. था (tha) – Was (masculine)
3. थी (thi) – Was (feminine)
4. होगा (hoga) – Will be (masculine)
5. होगी (hogi) – Will be (feminine)

Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe nouns, adding more detail to your sentences. Here are some essential adjectives for B1 level learners.

Descriptive Adjectives

1. बड़ा (bada) – Big
2. छोटा (chhota) – Small
3. सुंदर (sundar) – Beautiful
4. अच्छा (accha) – Good
5. बुरा (bura) – Bad
6. लंबा (lamba) – Long/Tall
7. छोटा (chhota) – Short
8. नया (naya) – New
9. पुराना (purana) – Old
10. तेज़ (tez) – Fast

Quantitative Adjectives

1. बहुत (bahut) – Very/Many
2. थोड़ा (thoda) – A little
3. सभी (sabhi) – All
4. कुछ (kuch) – Some
5. एक (ek) – One

Adverbs

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, providing more context to the action. Here are some common adverbs you should know.

Common Adverbs

1. अभी (abhi) – Now
2. कभी (kabhi) – Sometimes
3. जल्दी (jaldi) – Quickly
4. धीरे (dheere) – Slowly
5. यहाँ (yahaan) – Here
6. वहाँ (vahaan) – There
7. हर (har) – Every
8. कभी नहीं (kabhi nahin) – Never
9. हमेशा (hamesha) – Always
10. केवल (keval) – Only

Pronouns

Pronouns replace nouns in sentences, making your speech and writing less repetitive. Here are some essential pronouns for B1 learners.

Subject Pronouns

1. मैं (main) – I
2. तुम (tum) – You (informal)
3. आप (aap) – You (formal)
4. वह (vah) – He/She/It (far)
5. यह (yah) – He/She/It (near)
6. हम (hum) – We
7. वे (ve) – They

Object Pronouns

1. मुझे (mujhe) – Me
2. तुम्हें (tumhe) – You (informal)
3. आपको (aapko) – You (formal)
4. उसे (use) – Him/Her/It (far)
5. इसे (ise) – Him/Her/It (near)
6. हमें (humein) – Us
7. उन्हें (unhe) – Them

Possessive Pronouns

1. मेरा (mera) – My/Mine
2. तुम्हारा (tumhara) – Your/Yours (informal)
3. आपका (aapka) – Your/Yours (formal)
4. उसका (uska) – His/Her/Its (far)
5. इसका (iska) – His/Her/Its (near)
6. हमारा (hamara) – Our/Ours
7. उनका (unka) – Their/Theirs

Prepositions

Prepositions are essential for indicating relationships between different elements in a sentence. Here are some commonly used prepositions.

Common Prepositions

1. में (mein) – In
2. पर (par) – On
3. से (se) – From/With
4. तक (tak) – Until/To
5. के लिए (ke liye) – For
6. के साथ (ke saath) – With
7. नीचे (neeche) – Under
8. ऊपर (upar) – Above
9. बाहर (baahar) – Outside
10. अंदर (andar) – Inside

Conjunctions

Conjunctions join clauses, sentences, or words. They are vital for forming coherent and complex sentences.

Common Conjunctions

1. और (aur) – And
2. लेकिन (lekin) – But
3. या (ya) – Or
4. क्योंकि (kyunki) – Because
5. अगर (agar) – If
6. तो (to) – Then
7. इसलिए (isliye) – Therefore
8. जब (jab) – When
9. जहाँ (jahaan) – Where
10. कि (ki) – That

Common Phrases

Knowing individual words is essential, but understanding common phrases can significantly improve your fluency and comprehension.

Greetings and Courtesies

1. नमस्ते (namaste) – Hello
2. धन्यवाद (dhanyavaad) – Thank you
3. कृपया (kripya) – Please
4. माफ़ कीजिए (maaf kijiye) – Excuse me/Sorry
5. कैसे हैं? (kaise hain?) – How are you? (formal)
6. कैसी हो? (kaisi ho?) – How are you? (informal, feminine)
7. कैसा हो? (kaisa ho?) – How are you? (informal, masculine)
8. मेरा नाम [Name] है (mera naam [Name] hai) – My name is [Name]
9. आपसे मिलकर खुशी हुई (aapse milkar khushi hui) – Nice to meet you
10. शुभ रात्रि (shubh raatri) – Good night

Everyday Expressions

1. क्या हाल है? (kya haal hai?) – What’s up?
2. सब ठीक है (sab theek hai) – Everything is fine
3. मुझे नहीं पता (mujhe nahin pata) – I don’t know
4. ध्यान रखना (dhyaan rakhna) – Take care
5. क्या आप मदद कर सकते हैं? (kya aap madad kar sakte hain?) – Can you help me?
6. मुझे भूख लगी है (mujhe bhook lagi hai) – I am hungry
7. मुझे प्यास लगी है (mujhe pyaas lagi hai) – I am thirsty
8. यह कितना है? (yah kitna hai?) – How much is this?
9. क्या समय हुआ है? (kya samay hua hai?) – What time is it?
10. आपका दिन शुभ हो (aapka din shubh ho) – Have a nice day

Tips for Expanding Your Vocabulary

Expanding your vocabulary is a continuous process, and here are some tips to help you on your journey.

Read Regularly

Reading Hindi newspapers, books, or online articles can expose you to a wide range of vocabulary. Try to read a little bit every day and note down any new words you come across.

Watch Hindi Media

Watching Hindi movies, TV shows, or even YouTube channels can help you understand how words and phrases are used in context. Subtitles can be a great aid when you are starting out.

Practice Speaking

Try to speak in Hindi as much as possible. Engage in conversations with native speakers or fellow learners. The more you practice, the more comfortable you will become.

Use Flashcards

Flashcards can be a great tool for memorizing new words. You can use physical flashcards or apps like Anki to create your own sets.

Write Daily

Make it a habit to write a diary entry, essay, or even social media posts in Hindi. Writing helps reinforce what you have learned and improves your grammatical skills.

Join Language Learning Communities

Joining online forums, social media groups, or local language clubs can provide you with a supportive environment to practice and learn. You can share your progress, ask questions, and get feedback from others.

Conclusion

Learning a new language is a journey filled with challenges and rewards. By focusing on expanding your vocabulary and practicing regularly, you can achieve fluency and confidence in Hindi. Remember to be patient with yourself and enjoy the process. Happy learning!