Basic Greetings and Phrases

One of the first things you will need to learn in any new language is how to greet others and engage in simple conversations. Here are some basic greetings and phrases in Estonian:

– **Tere** – Hello
– **Tere hommikust** – Good morning
– **Tere päevast** – Good afternoon
– **Tere õhtust** – Good evening
– **Head aega** – Goodbye
– **Nägemist** – See you
– **Aitäh** – Thank you
– **Palun** – Please / You’re welcome
– **Vabandust** – Excuse me / Sorry
– **Jah** – Yes
– **Ei** – No

These words and phrases will help you start conversations and be polite in social interactions.

Numbers and Counting

Knowing how to count is fundamental in any language. Here are the numbers 1 to 10 in Estonian:

– **Üks** – One
– **Kaks** – Two
– **Kolm** – Three
– **Neli** – Four
– **Viis** – Five
– **Kuus** – Six
– **Seitse** – Seven
– **Kaheksa** – Eight
– **Üheksa** – Nine
– **Kümme** – Ten

Learning these numbers will help you with various everyday tasks, such as shopping, telling time, and understanding prices.

Days of the Week

Knowing the days of the week is essential for making plans and understanding schedules. Here are the days of the week in Estonian:

– **Esmaspäev** – Monday
– **Teisipäev** – Tuesday
– **Kolmapäev** – Wednesday
– **Neljapäev** – Thursday
– **Reede** – Friday
– **Laupäev** – Saturday
– **Pühapäev** – Sunday

By learning these, you can easily talk about your weekly routines and make appointments.

Common Nouns

Common nouns are the building blocks of any language. Here are some frequently used nouns in Estonian:

– **Inimene** – Person
– **Laps** – Child
– **Mees** – Man
– **Naine** – Woman
– **Koer** – Dog
– **Kass** – Cat
– **Maja** – House
– **Auto** – Car
– **Raamat** – Book
– **Lill** – Flower

These nouns will help you describe the world around you and engage in basic conversations.

Basic Verbs

Verbs are essential for constructing sentences. Here are some basic verbs in Estonian:

– **Olla** – To be
– **Minema** – To go
– **Tulema** – To come
– **Tegema** – To do / To make
– **Nägema** – To see
– **Kuulma** – To hear
– **Armastama** – To love
– **Elama** – To live
– **Rääkima** – To speak
– **Lugema** – To read

These verbs will help you express actions and describe what you or others are doing.

Adjectives

Adjectives are used to describe nouns and add detail to your sentences. Here are some basic adjectives in Estonian:

– **Suur** – Big
– **Väike** – Small
– **Hea** – Good
– **Halb** – Bad
– **Kena** – Nice
– **Kuum** – Hot
– **Külm** – Cold
– **Uus** – New
– **Vana** – Old
– **Noor** – Young

Using these adjectives will allow you to describe people, places, and things more precisely.

Questions Words

To engage in conversations and gather information, you’ll need to know how to ask questions. Here are some question words in Estonian:

– **Mis?** – What?
– **Kes?** – Who?
– **Kus?** – Where?
– **Millal?** – When?
– **Miks?** – Why?
– **Kuidas?** – How?

These question words will help you ask for information and engage more deeply in conversations.

Useful Phrases

In addition to individual words, it’s useful to learn some common phrases that you can use in everyday situations. Here are a few:

– **Kuidas läheb?** – How are you?
– **Ma olen …** – I am …
– **Mul on …** – I have …
– **Ma ei saa aru.** – I don’t understand.
– **Kas te räägite inglise keelt?** – Do you speak English?
– **Kus on tualett?** – Where is the bathroom?
– **Kui palju see maksab?** – How much does this cost?
– **Palun aeglasemalt.** – Please speak more slowly.

These phrases will help you navigate common situations and communicate your needs effectively.

Food and Drink

When traveling or living in Estonia, knowing the names of common foods and drinks can be very helpful. Here are some basic words related to food and drink:

– **Vesi** – Water
– **Piim** – Milk
– **Leib** – Bread
– **Juust** – Cheese
– **Õun** – Apple
– **Banaan** – Banana
– **Kala** – Fish
– **Liha** – Meat
– **Kohv** – Coffee
– **Tee** – Tea

Knowing these words will make it easier to order food and drink in restaurants and cafes.

Family Members

Talking about family is a common topic of conversation. Here are some words for family members in Estonian:

– **Ema** – Mother
– **Isa** – Father
– **Õde** – Sister
– **Vend** – Brother
– **Vanaema** – Grandmother
– **Vanaisa** – Grandfather
– **Tütar** – Daughter
– **Poeg** – Son
– **Naine** – Wife
– **Mees** – Husband

These words will help you talk about your family and understand when others talk about theirs.

Colors

Describing colors is another basic skill in any language. Here are the names of some common colors in Estonian:

– **Punane** – Red
– **Sinine** – Blue
– **Roheline** – Green
– **Kollane** – Yellow
– **Must** – Black
– **Valge** – White
– **Pruun** – Brown
– **Hall** – Grey
– **Roosa** – Pink
– **Oranž** – Orange

These words will help you describe objects and express your preferences.

Time and Date

Understanding and talking about time and date is crucial for daily activities. Here are some basic words and phrases related to time and date in Estonian:

– **Tund** – Hour
– **Minut** – Minute
– **Sekund** – Second
– **Päev** – Day
– **Nädal** – Week
– **Kuu** – Month
– **Aasta** – Year
– **Täna** – Today
– **Homme** – Tomorrow
– **Eile** – Yesterday

These words will help you manage your schedule and make plans.

Weather

Talking about the weather is a common conversation starter. Here are some basic weather-related words in Estonian:

– **Ilm** – Weather
– **Päike** – Sun
– **Vihm** – Rain
– **Lumi** – Snow
– **Tuul** – Wind
– **Pilv** – Cloud
– **Soe** – Warm
– **Külm** – Cold
– **Kuiv** – Dry
– **Märg** – Wet

These words will help you describe the weather and understand weather forecasts.

Transportation

Knowing the names of different modes of transportation is essential for getting around. Here are some basic transportation-related words in Estonian:

– **Buss** – Bus
– **Rong** – Train
– **Auto** – Car
– **Lennuk** – Airplane
– **Laev** – Ship
– **Ratas** – Bike
– **Jalgratas** – Bicycle
– **Tramm** – Tram
– **Takso** – Taxi
– **Metro** – Subway

These words will help you navigate public transportation and travel more easily.

Places Around Town

When exploring a new place, it’s helpful to know the names of common locations. Here are some words for places around town in Estonian:

– **Pood** – Store
– **Restoran** – Restaurant
– **Kohvik** – Cafe
– **Kool** – School
– **Haigla** – Hospital
– **Apteek** – Pharmacy
– **Park** – Park
– **Kino** – Cinema
– **Raamatukogu** – Library
– **Postkontor** – Post office

These words will help you find your way around town and understand directions.

Conclusion

Learning these basic Estonian words and phrases will give you a solid foundation for your language learning journey. As you practice and use these words in everyday situations, you’ll become more comfortable and confident in your ability to communicate. Remember, language learning is a gradual process, and consistency is key. Good luck, and enjoy the process of discovering the beautiful Estonian language!