Learning a new language involves familiarizing oneself with vocabulary from various fields, including the economy, which is essential for both personal and professional communication. Below are some key economic terms in English with their definitions and example sentences in Indonesian, which will be useful for Indonesian speakers learning English.
Inflation
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks attempt to limit inflation, and avoid deflation, in order to keep the economy running smoothly.
Sebagai seorang pebisnis, saya selalu memonitor tingkat inflasi karena hal tersebut berdampak pada harga jual produk kami.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, is the total value of all goods and services produced over a specific time period within a country’s borders. It is used to estimate the size of an economy and growth rate.
Pemerintah telah mengumumkan bahwa Produk Domestik Bruto (GDP) meningkat 5% tahun ini.
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxation) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.
Kebijakan fiskal yang diterapkan pemerintah bertujuan untuk merangsang pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional.
Monetary Policy
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.
Bank sentral telah mengubah kebijakan moneter untuk menanggapi inflasi yang meningkat.
Recession
A recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.
Analisis berita ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa kita mungkin memasuki periode resesi.
Interest Rate
The interest rate is the amount charged, expressed as a percentage of principal, by a lender to a borrower for the use of assets.
Bunga bank untuk pinjaman perumahan telah meningkat dari 4% menjadi 4,5% tahun ini.
Investment
Investment involves the allocation of resources, usually financial, in the expectation of future returns. It can include purchases of bonds, stocks, or real estate property.
Dia memutuskan untuk menanam investasi pada saham perusahaan teknologi yang berpotensi.
Exchange Rate
The exchange rate is the value of one country’s currency in relation to another. This rate fluctuates based on economic factors and the foreign exchange market.
Perusahaan mengalami kerugian karena nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar AS yang tidak stabil.
Supply and Demand
Supply and demand are fundamental concepts of economics which state that the price of a good or service is determined by its availability (supply) and the consumer’s desire (demand).
Harga barang-barang naik ketika permintaan meningkat dan pasokan tidak cukup.
Trade Deficit
A trade deficit occurs when a country’s imports of goods and services exceed its exports. It is an economic measure of international trade.
Negara kita sedang mengalami defisit perdagangan yang cukup besar karena impor lebih banyak daripada ekspor.
By understanding and using these economic vocabulary terms, Indonesian speakers learning English will be better equipped to engage in discussions regarding economics, read financial news, and conduct business internationally. Remember, knowing the right terminology is a vital part of comprehending and communicating complex subjects such as the economy.
