Understanding Gerunds and Infinitives: The Basics
Gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that function differently within sentences. A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun, while an infinitive is the base form of a verb, usually preceded by “to.” Understanding their functions is crucial for mastering English sentence structure.
What Is a Gerund?
A gerund acts as a noun and can perform the roles of subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Because it ends in -ing, it looks like a present participle but serves a different grammatical purpose.
- Example as subject: Swimming is good exercise.
- Example as object: She enjoys reading.
- Example as complement: His favorite hobby is painting.
What Is an Infinitive?
An infinitive typically consists of “to” plus the base verb and can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Infinitives are versatile and often express purpose, intention, or potential actions.
- Example as subject: To learn is important.
- Example as object: They want to travel.
- Example as adverb: She called to ask a question.
Common Rules and Patterns of Gerunds and Infinitives
Knowing when to use a gerund or an infinitive is one of the most challenging aspects of English grammar. The choice often depends on the main verb, the meaning intended, or fixed expressions.
Verbs Followed by Gerunds
Certain verbs are typically followed by gerunds rather than infinitives. These include verbs related to preferences, emotions, and activities.
- Examples: enjoy, avoid, consider, mind, suggest, finish
- She enjoys dancing.
- They avoided talking about the problem.
Verbs Followed by Infinitives
Other verbs are commonly followed by infinitives, often expressing desires, plans, or intentions.
- Examples: want, decide, hope, plan, promise, expect
- He hopes to visit London.
- They decided to leave early.
Verbs That Can Be Followed by Either Gerunds or Infinitives
Some verbs allow both forms but with a difference in meaning or no significant change.
- Examples: remember, forget, stop, try, like, love, hate
- I remember locking the door. (I have a memory of doing it.)
- I remembered to lock the door. (I didn’t forget to do it.)
How BBC Learning English Supports Understanding Gerunds and Infinitives
BBC Learning English is a trusted resource offering comprehensive lessons on gerunds and infinitives. Their content combines clear explanations, examples, and interactive exercises to reinforce learning effectively.
Features of BBC Learning English for Gerunds and Infinitives
- Video tutorials: Engaging videos explain rules and common mistakes.
- Quizzes and exercises: Interactive practice helps solidify understanding.
- Downloadable materials: PDFs and worksheets for offline learning.
- Clear explanations: Step-by-step guidance tailored for different proficiency levels.
Using BBC Learning English alongside Talkpal’s interactive platform can accelerate your mastery of gerunds and infinitives.
Practical Tips for Learning Gerunds and Infinitives Effectively
To become proficient with gerunds and infinitives, consider these strategies:
- Practice regularly: Use exercises from Talkpal and BBC Learning English daily.
- Create example sentences: Writing your own sentences helps internalize rules.
- Focus on common verbs: Learn which verbs require gerunds or infinitives.
- Understand differences in meaning: Pay attention to verbs that change meaning depending on the form.
- Engage in conversation: Practice speaking with native speakers or language partners to reinforce usage.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Many learners struggle with gerunds and infinitives. Awareness of frequent errors can improve accuracy.
Mixing Up Gerunds and Infinitives After Certain Verbs
- Incorrect: She suggested to go to the park.
- Correct: She suggested going to the park.
Omitting “to” Before Infinitives
- Incorrect: I want go home.
- Correct: I want to go home.
Using Gerunds Instead of Infinitives to Express Purpose
- Incorrect: I went to the store buying milk.
- Correct: I went to the store to buy milk.
Integrating Gerunds and Infinitives into Everyday English
Using gerunds and infinitives naturally comes with practice and exposure. Here are practical ways to incorporate them into your daily English usage:
- Read extensively: Books, articles, and blogs help you see gerunds and infinitives in context.
- Write daily journals: Try to use both verb forms when describing activities or intentions.
- Listen actively: Podcasts and videos from sources like BBC Learning English expose you to authentic usage.
- Speak with confidence: Use Talkpal’s conversation practice to apply what you learn in real time.
Conclusion
Gerunds and infinitives are fundamental components of English grammar that enable learners to express actions, intentions, and preferences precisely. Mastering them requires understanding their differences, common usage patterns, and exceptions. Resources like Talkpal and BBC Learning English provide invaluable support through interactive lessons, clear explanations, and practice opportunities. By leveraging these tools and consistently practicing, English learners can build strong grammatical foundations and communicate more effectively.
