Pluperfect Exercises For Greek Grammar

Grammar exercises aiding in enhancing language comprehension

The Pluperfect tense in Greek Grammar, also referred to as ‘Past Perfect’, pertains to an action completed before another action in the past. It expresses the ‘past in the past’. It doesn’t have a precise equivalent in Modern Greek, and it’s rarely used in everyday speech, but it’s needed for understanding Ancient Greek and Old Literature texts. Learning this tense is essential to understanding and translating Greek properly.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blank with the Correct Form of Verb in Pluperfect Tense

1. ฮคฮฟฮฝ *โ„ฆฮฝฮฏฮฑ* (John) ฮดฮตฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฑ ฮดฮตฮน ฮตฮดฯŽ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ‡ฯฯŒฮฝฮนฮฑ.
2. ฮŸฮปฮฟฮน ฮพฮญฯฮฑฮผฮต ฯ€ฯ‰ฯ‚ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฎ ฮท ฯƒฯ‡ฮญฯƒฮท *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ„ฮตฮปฮตฮนฯŽฯƒฮตฮน* (had ended) ฯ€ฯฮนฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฮผฮฎฮฝฮตฯ‚.
3. ฮŸฮน ฯƒฯ€ฮฟฯ…ฮดฮญฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฮพฯ‰ฯ„ฮตฯฮนฮบฯŒ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฑฮฝ ฮพฮตฮบฮนฮฝฮฎฯƒฮตฮน* (had started) ฯŒฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮฝฯ„ฮทฯƒฮฑ.
4. ฮคฮฟ ฯ€ฮฑฯฯ„ฯ… *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ„ฮตฮปฮตฮนฯŽฯƒฮตฮน* (had ended) ฯŒฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฯ†ฯ„ฮฌฯƒฮฑฮผฮต.
5. ฮ— ฮœฮฑฯฮฏฮฝฮฑ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ†ฯฮณฮตฮน* (had left) ฯŒฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฮบฮฌฮปฮตฯƒฮฑ.
6. ฮ•ฮณฯŽ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯ†ฮญฯฯ‰ ฮฝฮญฮฑ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮฒฮตฮฏ* (had happened) ฯ€ฮฑฮปฮนฮฌ.
7. ฮŸ ฮฮฏฮบฮฟฯ‚ ฮดฮตฮฝ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮญฯฮธฮตฮน* (had not come) ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯ€ฮฏฯ„ฮน ฮผฮฟฯ… ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฯŒฯ„ฮต.
8. ฮคฮฑ ฯ€ฮฑฮนฮดฮฏฮฑ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฑฮฝ ฯ€ฮฑฮฏฮพฮตฮน* (had played) ฯ€ฮฑฮปฮนฯŒฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ.
9. *ฮ•ฮฏฯ‡ฮฑฯ„ฮต ฮฑฮณฮฟฯฮฌฯƒฮตฮน* (had you bought) ฯ„ฮฟ ฮฒฮนฮฒฮปฮฏฮฟ ฯ€ฯฮนฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮดฮนฮฑฮฒฮฌฯƒฮตฯ„ฮต;
10. ฮคฮฟ ฯ€ฮตฯฮฑฯƒฮผฮญฮฝฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮปฮฟฮบฮฑฮฏฯฮน, ฮตฮผฮตฮฏฯ‚ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฑฮผฮต ฯ„ฮฑฮพฮนฮดฮญฯˆฮตฮน* (had traveled) ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮšฯฮฎฯ„ฮท.
11. ฮฃฯ„ฮฟ ฮพฮทฮผฮญฯฯ‰ฮผฮฑ, ฮบฮฑฮน ฮดฯฮฝฮฑฮผฮท ฮดฮตฮฝ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฑฮผฮต ฮผฮตฮฏฮฝฮตฮน* (hadnโ€™t we remained).
12. ฮคฮทฮฝ ฯ€ฮตฯฮฑฯƒฮผฮญฮฝฮท ฮฒฮดฮฟฮผฮฌฮดฮฑ, ฯŒฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฯ€ฮฎฮณฮฑฮนฮฝฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯ€ฮฏฯ„ฮน, *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮฒฯฮฟฯ‡ฮฎ* (it was raining).
13. ฮŸ ฮ“ฮนฯŽฯฮณฮฟฯ‚ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮดฮนฮฑฮฒฮฌฯƒฮตฮน* (had read) ฯ„ฮฟ ฮฒฮนฮฒฮปฮฏฮฟ ฯ€ฯฮนฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฮตฯƒฮญฮฝฮฑ.
14. ฮคฮฟฮฝ ฮ‘ฯ€ฯฮฏฮปฮนฮฟ, *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฑฮผฮต ฮณฯ…ฯฮฏฯƒฮตฮน* (we had returned) ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮบฮดฯฮฟฮผฮฎ.
15. ฮ ฯฮนฮฝ ฯ€ฮฌฮตฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯ‡ฮฟฮปฮตฮฏฮฟ, ฮท ฮœฮฑฯฮฏฮฑ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ†ฮฌฮตฮน* (had eaten) ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฯฯ‰ฮนฮฝฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚.
 

Exercise 2: Choose the Pluperfect Form from the Given Choices to Complete the Sentence

1. ฮคฮทฮฝ ฯ„ฮตฮปฮตฯ…ฯ„ฮฑฮฏฮฑ ฯ†ฮฟฯฮฌ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮตฮฏฮดฮฑ, *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮณฯ…ฯฮฏฯƒฮตฮน* (had returned) ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮฑฮบฮฟฯ€ฮญฯ‚.
2. ฮŒฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฮฟฮฏฮพฮฑฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮปฮตฯŒฯฮฑฯƒฮท, ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฯฯŒฮณฯฮฑฮผฮผฮฑ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮฑฯฯ‡ฮฏฯƒฮตฮน* (had started).
3. ฮ— ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮท ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฒฯฮฏฯƒฮบฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฌฮปฮปฮท ฯ€ฮปฮตฯ…ฯฮฌ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮปฮฏฮผฮฝฮทฯ‚ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮบฮฑฮตฮฏ* (had burnt) ฯ„ฮตฮปฮตฮฏฯ‰ฯ‚.
4. ฮ ฯฮนฮฝ ฮณฮฏฮฝฮตฮน ฮบฮฑฮธฮทฮณฮทฯ„ฮฎฯ‚, ฮฟ ฮ”ฮทฮผฮฎฯ„ฯฮทฯ‚ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮดฮนฮดฮฌฮพฮตฮน* (had taught) ฯƒฯ„ฮท ฮฃฮฟฯ…ฮทฮดฮฏฮฑ.
5. ฮŸ ฮ ฮญฯ„ฯฮฟฯ‚ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ‡ฮฑฮธฮตฮฏ* (had lost) ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮดฮฌฯƒฮฟฯ‚ ฯ€ฯฮนฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮฒฯฮตฮฏ ฮท ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฯ…ฮฝฮฟฮผฮฏฮฑ.
6. ฮฃฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯฯ‡ฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮผฮฑฮธฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚, ฮฟ ฮดฮฌฯƒฮบฮฑฮปฮฟฯ‚ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮตฮพฮทฮณฮฎฯƒฮตฮน* (had explained) ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮฝฯŒฮฝฮฑ.
7. ฮŒฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฮผฮฌฮธฮฑฮผฮต ฯ„ฮฑ ฮฝฮญฮฑ, ฯ„ฮฟ ฮณฮตฮณฮฟฮฝฯŒฯ‚ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮปฮฌฮฒฮตฮน* (had taken) ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮฑ.
8. ฮคฮฟ ฯƒฯ€ฮฏฯ„ฮน ฮตฮบฮตฮฏฮฝฮฟ, ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฯŽฯฮฑ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮตฯฮตฮฏฯ€ฮนฮฑ, *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮบฯ„ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮตฮฏ* ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮบฯ„ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮตฮฏ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯ€ฮฑฯ€ฯ€ฮฟฯ ฮผฮฟฯ….
9. ฮ— ฮฮตฯ†ฮญฮปฮท *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ†ฯฮณฮตฮน* (had left) ฯŒฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฮญฯ†ฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮตฯ‚.
10. ฮ ฯฮนฮฝ ฮณฮฏฮฝฮตฮน ฮณฮฝฯ‰ฯƒฯ„ฮฎ, ฮท ฮบฮฑฯƒฮตฯ„ฮฏฮฝฮฑ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ€ฮฟฯ…ฮปฮทฮธฮตฮฏ* (had sold) ฮผฯŒฮฝฮฟ ฯƒฮต ฮปฮฏฮณฮฟฯ…ฯ‚.
11. ฮคฮฟ ฯ€ฮตฯฮฑฯƒฮผฮญฮฝฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮปฮฟฮบฮฑฮฏฯฮน, ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฮฑฮนฮดฮฏ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฮตฯ…ฯ‡ฮทฮธฮตฮฏ* (had prayed) ฮณฮนฮฑ ฮผฮนฮฑ ฮตฯ…ฮบฮฑฮนฯฮฏฮฑ.
12. ฮคฮฟ ฮดฮฌฯƒฮฟฯ‚ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ€ฮตฮธฮฌฮฝฮตฮน* (had died) ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮพฮทฯฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฯ€ฯฮนฮฝ ฮฑฯฯ‡ฮฏฯƒฮตฮน ฮท ฮฒฯฮฟฯ‡ฮฎ.
13. ฮ ฯฮนฮฝ ฮญฯฮธฮตฮนฯ‚, *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฑฮผฮต ฯ€ฮตฯฮฌฯƒฮตฮน* (we had passed) ฯŒฮปฮท ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮทฮผฮญฯฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮธฮฑฯฮฏฮถฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯ€ฮฏฯ„ฮน.
14. ฮ ฯฮนฮฝ ฮพฮตฮบฮนฮฝฮฎฯƒฮตฮน ฮฟ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑฯ‚, ฮท ฮฟฮผฮฌฮดฮฑ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฯ€ฯฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฝฮทฮธฮตฮฏ* (had practiced) ฯ€ฮฟฮปฯ.
15. ฮคฮฟ ฮดฮตฮฏฯ€ฮฝฮฟ *ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮตฯ„ฮฟฮนฮผฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮตฮฏ* (had prepared) ฯ€ฯฮนฮฝ ฯ†ฯ„ฮฌฯƒฮตฯ„ฮต.
 

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