Modal verbs in Latvian grammar, or modฤlie darbฤซbas vฤrdi, are crucial elements in constructing sentences. They express things like ability, necessity, obligation, permission, possibility, and more. Unlike in some other languages, modal verbs in Latvian are not a distinct verb category, but are often expressed through a combination of regular verbs and other constructs.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct Latvian modal verb
1. Es *gribu* (want) iet uz kino.
2. Mฤs *varam* (can) apmeklฤt muzeju.
3. Viลa *spฤj* (able) uzvarฤt sacensฤซbฤs.
4. Man *jฤiet* (must go) uz veikalu.
5. Tev *ir jฤmฤcฤs* (have to study) vairฤk.
6. Viลi *varฤja* (could) bลซt tur.
7. Tu *driest* (dare) man tฤ teikt?
8. Viลลก *prasa* (ask) palฤซdzฤซbu.
9. Mฤs ne*tikฤm* (did not get) iekลกฤ.
10. Es *gribฤtu* (would like) saldฤjumu.
11. Viลai *ir jฤbลซt* (has to be) klฤt pulksten divpadsmit.
12. Man *bลซtu jฤstrฤdฤ* (should work) vฤl cietฤk.
13. Tev *jฤฤd* (must eat) veselฤซgฤk.
14. Viลi *tika* (could) aiziet.
15. Tu *vฤlies* (wish) dziฤผฤk iepazฤซt Latvijas kultลซru.
2. Mฤs *varam* (can) apmeklฤt muzeju.
3. Viลa *spฤj* (able) uzvarฤt sacensฤซbฤs.
4. Man *jฤiet* (must go) uz veikalu.
5. Tev *ir jฤmฤcฤs* (have to study) vairฤk.
6. Viลi *varฤja* (could) bลซt tur.
7. Tu *driest* (dare) man tฤ teikt?
8. Viลลก *prasa* (ask) palฤซdzฤซbu.
9. Mฤs ne*tikฤm* (did not get) iekลกฤ.
10. Es *gribฤtu* (would like) saldฤjumu.
11. Viลai *ir jฤbลซt* (has to be) klฤt pulksten divpadsmit.
12. Man *bลซtu jฤstrฤdฤ* (should work) vฤl cietฤk.
13. Tev *jฤฤd* (must eat) veselฤซgฤk.
14. Viลi *tika* (could) aiziet.
15. Tu *vฤlies* (wish) dziฤผฤk iepazฤซt Latvijas kultลซru.
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct Latvian modal verb
1. Es *gribฤtu* (would like) kafiju.
2. Mums *jฤiet* (must go) atpakaฤผ mฤjฤs.
3. Viลลก *var* (can) iet paลกam.
4. Tu ne*vฤlies* (do not wish) braukt.
5. Mฤs *spฤjam* (able) paveikt to.
6. Viลai *ir jฤลem* (must take) medikamenti.
7. Man *jฤmฤcฤs* (have to study) krievu valoda.
8. Viลi *tika* (could) redzฤt visu.
9. Mums *bลซtu jฤiet* (should go) uz izstฤdi.
10. Es *tiku* (could) strฤdฤt.
11. Viลลก *varฤja* (could) palฤซdzฤt man.
12. Tu *vฤlฤjies* (wanted) ฤst ฤbolu.
13. Viลa *driest* (dare) braukt trฤซs dienu attฤlumฤ.
14. Mฤs *gribam* (want) ceฤผot visฤ pasaulฤ.
15. Tu *varฤtu* (could) atnฤkt agrฤk.
2. Mums *jฤiet* (must go) atpakaฤผ mฤjฤs.
3. Viลลก *var* (can) iet paลกam.
4. Tu ne*vฤlies* (do not wish) braukt.
5. Mฤs *spฤjam* (able) paveikt to.
6. Viลai *ir jฤลem* (must take) medikamenti.
7. Man *jฤmฤcฤs* (have to study) krievu valoda.
8. Viลi *tika* (could) redzฤt visu.
9. Mums *bลซtu jฤiet* (should go) uz izstฤdi.
10. Es *tiku* (could) strฤdฤt.
11. Viลลก *varฤja* (could) palฤซdzฤt man.
12. Tu *vฤlฤjies* (wanted) ฤst ฤbolu.
13. Viลa *driest* (dare) braukt trฤซs dienu attฤlumฤ.
14. Mฤs *gribam* (want) ceฤผot visฤ pasaulฤ.
15. Tu *varฤtu* (could) atnฤkt agrฤk.
