When one thinks of France, a few iconic images come to mind: the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, and, of course, cheese. France is renowned for its diverse and exquisite cheeses, each with a distinct flavor and history. But to truly appreciate French cheese, one must delve into the world of artisan cheese farms. These farms are the backbone of France’s rich cheese culture, maintaining centuries-old traditions and producing cheeses that are both unique and deeply rooted in their terroir.
The Rich History of French Cheese
The history of French cheese is as rich and varied as the cheeses themselves. From the Romans who introduced cheese-making to Gaul, to the monks of the Middle Ages who refined and perfected the craft, the story of French cheese is a tapestry of cultural and culinary evolution. Cheese has always been more than just a food in France; it is a symbol of regional pride and a testament to the country’s dedication to quality and tradition.
What Makes Artisan Cheese Special?
Artisan cheese is a product of passion and craftsmanship. Unlike mass-produced cheeses, which are often made in factories and with standardized processes, artisan cheeses are created by skilled cheesemakers who often work on small family farms. These cheeses are made using traditional methods, and the milk used often comes from the farm’s own animals, whether they be cows, goats, or sheep. This close connection to the land and animals results in cheeses that are unique in flavor and texture.
The Role of Terroir
One of the key elements that make French artisan cheeses so special is the concept of terroir. Terroir refers to the unique combination of geography, climate, and human intervention that influences the characteristics of a particular product. In the case of cheese, terroir affects everything from the type of grass the animals graze on to the specific strains of bacteria present in the environment. This means that even cheeses made using the same methods can taste different depending on where they are produced.
Traditional Methods
The methods used to make artisan cheeses have been passed down through generations. These techniques include hand-milking the animals, using raw milk, and aging the cheeses in natural caves. Each step in the process is carefully controlled to ensure the highest quality product. For example, the curds are often hand-cut to preserve their delicate structure, and the cheeses are turned and brushed regularly during the aging process to develop their rind and flavor.
Exploring French Artisan Cheese Farms
Visiting a French artisan cheese farm is like stepping back in time. These farms are often located in picturesque rural areas, surrounded by rolling hills and lush pastures. Many of them welcome visitors, offering tours and tastings that provide a fascinating insight into the world of artisan cheese-making.
Normandy: The Home of Camembert
Normandy is famous for its lush green pastures and its creamy, flavorful cheeses. One of the most iconic cheeses from this region is Camembert. Visiting a cheese farm in Normandy, you’ll likely find yourself on a small family-run farm, where the cows graze freely and the cheese is made using traditional methods. The process of making Camembert involves several stages, including coagulation, cutting the curds, and aging the cheese in a humid environment. The result is a soft, creamy cheese with a bloomy rind and a rich, buttery flavor.
The Alps: The Birthplace of Reblochon
The French Alps are home to some of the country’s most famous mountain cheeses. One of these is Reblochon, a semi-soft cheese with a washed rind. The name Reblochon comes from the word “reblocher,” which means to pinch a cow’s udder again. This refers to the practice of milking the cows a second time to produce richer milk. Visiting a cheese farm in the Alps, you’ll see how the cows are brought down from the high pastures, and you’ll get a chance to taste the cheese, which has a nutty, slightly fruity flavor.
Provence: The Land of Goat Cheese
In the sunny region of Provence, goat cheese reigns supreme. The goats here graze on a variety of wild herbs, which give the cheese a distinctive flavor. One of the most famous goat cheeses from Provence is Banon, which is wrapped in chestnut leaves and aged for several weeks. Visiting a goat cheese farm in Provence, you’ll see the goats roaming the rocky hillsides and learn about the intricate process of making this unique cheese. The result is a creamy, tangy cheese with a hint of the herbs that the goats have been eating.
The Art of Cheese Tasting
Tasting French artisan cheese is an experience that engages all the senses. To fully appreciate the complexities of these cheeses, it’s important to understand the art of cheese tasting. This involves more than just putting a piece of cheese in your mouth; it’s about savoring the flavors, textures, and aromas.
Look
The first step in cheese tasting is to observe the cheese. Look at the rind, the color, and the texture. Is it smooth or rough? Does it have a bloomy rind or a washed rind? These visual cues can tell you a lot about the cheese and what to expect in terms of flavor and texture.
Smell
Next, bring the cheese up to your nose and take a deep breath. The aroma of the cheese can give you a clue about its flavor. Is it earthy, nutty, or fruity? The smell of the cheese is an important part of the tasting experience and can enhance the overall enjoyment of the cheese.
Taste
Finally, take a small piece of cheese and let it sit on your tongue. As it warms up, the flavors will begin to develop. Pay attention to the different tastes and textures. Is it creamy or crumbly? Is it sweet, salty, or tangy? Take your time to savor the cheese and appreciate the craftsmanship that went into making it.
Pairing Cheese with Wine
One of the joys of exploring French artisan cheeses is discovering how they pair with different wines. The right wine can enhance the flavors of the cheese and create a harmonious balance on the palate. Here are a few classic pairings to try:
Camembert and Cider
Camembert pairs beautifully with a crisp, dry cider from Normandy. The acidity of the cider cuts through the richness of the cheese, creating a balanced and refreshing combination.
Reblochon and Chardonnay
A buttery, oaked Chardonnay complements the nutty, fruity flavors of Reblochon. The wine’s full body and creamy texture mirror the cheese, creating a luxurious pairing.
Banon and Rosé
The light, fruity flavors of a Provence rosé are a perfect match for the tangy, herbaceous notes of Banon. The wine’s acidity balances the creaminess of the cheese, making for a delightful pairing.
Supporting Artisan Cheesemakers
By visiting French artisan cheese farms and purchasing their products, you are supporting small-scale farmers and cheesemakers who are dedicated to preserving traditional methods and producing high-quality cheeses. This support is crucial in maintaining the diversity and richness of France’s cheese culture.
Direct Purchases
Many artisan cheese farms sell their products directly to consumers, either at the farm or at local markets. By buying directly from the farm, you can be assured of the freshness and quality of the cheese, and you are helping to support the local economy.
Cheese Shops and Online Retailers
If you can’t visit a cheese farm in person, many specialty cheese shops and online retailers offer a selection of artisan cheeses from France. These shops often have knowledgeable staff who can help you choose the right cheese and provide information about the producers and their methods.
Learning More About French Cheese
For those who are passionate about cheese and want to learn more, there are many resources available. Books, documentaries, and courses can provide a deeper understanding of French cheese and the art of cheese-making.
Books
There are many excellent books on French cheese, from comprehensive guides to specific regions and types of cheese. Some recommended titles include “The French Cheese Book” by Patrick Rance and “Cheese: A Connoisseur’s Guide to the World’s Best” by Max McCalman.
Documentaries
Documentaries can provide a fascinating insight into the world of cheese-making. “The Cheese Nun” tells the story of Sister Noella Marcellino, a Benedictine nun and expert cheesemaker. “Cheese Slices” is a series that explores the world’s best cheeses, including many from France.
Courses and Workshops
For a hands-on experience, consider taking a cheese-making course or attending a workshop. Many cheese farms and culinary schools offer classes where you can learn the techniques of cheese-making and gain a deeper appreciation for this ancient craft.
Conclusion
Exploring French artisan cheese farms is a journey into the heart of French culture and tradition. These farms are not just places where cheese is made; they are living embodiments of the country’s rich culinary heritage. By visiting these farms, tasting their cheeses, and supporting their work, you are helping to preserve a way of life that has been passed down through generations. Whether you are a cheese aficionado or just beginning to discover the world of cheese, French artisan cheese farms offer an unforgettable experience that will deepen your appreciation for this delicious and diverse food.