What Is Bokmål?
Bokmål is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Nynorsk. Bokmål is used by the majority of Norwegians and is the primary language of instruction, media, and government documents. While Bokmål is a written standard, it is often spoken with a standardized pronunciation, especially in Oslo and eastern Norway.
What Is the Bergen Dialect?
The Bergen dialect, or “Bergensk,” is the local variety of Norwegian spoken in the city of Bergen and surrounding areas. Unlike Bokmål, Bergensk is a spoken dialect with unique pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammatical features. Bergen is Norway’s second-largest city, and its dialect is distinct even among other western Norwegian dialects.
Key Differences Between Bergen Dialect and Bokmål
1. Pronunciation
Consonants: One of the most notable differences is the pronunciation of the “r” sound. In Bergen, the “r” is pronounced as a uvular fricative (similar to the French “r”), while in standard Bokmål, especially in Oslo, it is often an alveolar trill or tap.
Vowels: Bergen dialect tends to have shorter vowel sounds compared to the elongated vowels often found in standard Bokmål pronunciation.
2. Vocabulary
Bergen dialect includes many unique words and expressions that are not common in Bokmål or other Norwegian dialects. For example, the word for “boy” is “gutt” in Bokmål, but in Bergensk, you might hear “gutt” pronounced differently or even entirely unique slang terms.
3. Grammar
One of the most unique aspects of the Bergen dialect is the lack of grammatical gender. While Bokmål has three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), Bergensk has largely eliminated the feminine gender. This means that nouns that are feminine in Bokmål are often treated as masculine in Bergensk.
For instance:
– Bokmål: “en jente” (a girl, feminine)
– Bergensk: “en jente” (but treated as masculine)
4. Definite Articles
In Bergen dialect, the use of the definite article differs slightly. While Bokmål uses suffixes to indicate definiteness (for example, “gutten” for “the boy”), Bergensk may have subtle pronunciation differences or even distinct forms in some cases.
5. Intonation and Rhythm
The Bergen dialect is known for its distinctive intonation patterns, which can make it sound quite different from standard Bokmål. The rhythm and melody of speech in Bergen are often described as more “sing-song” compared to the flatter intonation of Oslo Bokmål.
Why Does the Bergen Dialect Differ So Much?
The historical development of Bergen as a major trading city, with influences from German Hanseatic merchants and seafarers, has contributed to the unique features of the Bergensk dialect. Over centuries, these influences have shaped vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar, setting it apart from other Norwegian dialects and Bokmål.
Should You Learn the Bergen Dialect?
If you plan to spend significant time in Bergen, learning the local dialect can be very helpful and endearing to locals. However, most Norwegians understand Bokmål, and many can switch to a more standard form when speaking with learners. As you progress with your Norwegian studies using resources like Talkpal, you may find it beneficial to familiarize yourself with common Bergensk expressions and pronunciation.
Tips for Learners: How to Approach the Bergen Dialect
- Start with Bokmål: Build a solid foundation in standard Bokmål, as it is widely understood and used across Norway.
- Listen to Locals: Watch Bergen-based TV shows, listen to local radio, or follow Bergen influencers to get accustomed to the dialect.
- Practice with Natives: Use language exchange platforms or visit Bergen to practice speaking with locals.
- Be Open to Variety: Norway has many dialects, so being flexible and open-minded will help you adapt quickly to regional differences.
Conclusion
The Bergen dialect stands out from standard Bokmål in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and intonation. While it may seem challenging at first, especially for language learners, understanding these differences can significantly enhance your communication skills and cultural understanding. Whether you focus on Bokmål or become curious about regional dialects like Bergensk, Talkpal is here to support your journey to mastering Norwegian.
