Greetings are the first step to starting any conversation. Here are some basic greetings and phrases you should know:

1. **Hello/Hi** – سلام (Salam)
2. **Goodbye** – خداحافظ (Khuda Hafiz)
3. **Please** – براۂ کرم (Barah-e-Karam)
4. **Thank you** – شکریہ (Shukriya)
5. **Yes** – جی ہاں (Ji Haan)
6. **No** – نہیں (Nahi)
7. **Excuse me/Sorry** – معاف کیجیے (Maaf Kijiye)
8. **How are you?** – آپ کیسے ہیں؟ (Aap Kaise Hain?)
9. **I am fine** – میں ٹھیک ہوں (Main Theek Hoon)
10. **What is your name?** – آپ کا نام کیا ہے؟ (Aap Ka Naam Kya Hai?)
11. **My name is…** – میرا نام … ہے (Mera Naam … Hai)

Numbers

Numbers are fundamental in any language. Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in Urdu:

1. **One** – ایک (Aik)
2. **Two** – دو (Do)
3. **Three** – تین (Teen)
4. **Four** – چار (Chaar)
5. **Five** – پانچ (Paanch)
6. **Six** – چھ (Chay)
7. **Seven** – سات (Saat)
8. **Eight** – آٹھ (Aath)
9. **Nine** – نو (Nau)
10. **Ten** – دس (Das)

Common Nouns

Learning common nouns is essential for building your vocabulary. Here are some everyday nouns you should know:

1. **House** – گھر (Ghar)
2. **Car** – گاڑی (Gari)
3. **Book** – کتاب (Kitaab)
4. **Pen** – قلم (Qalam)
5. **Water** – پانی (Pani)
6. **Food** – کھانا (Khana)
7. **Friend** – دوست (Dost)
8. **School** – سکول (School)
9. **Teacher** – استاد (Ustaad)
10. **Student** – طالب علم (Taalib-e-Ilm)

Family Members

Knowing the words for family members is crucial for any beginner. Here are some basic terms:

1. **Father** – والد (Walid)
2. **Mother** – والدہ (Walida)
3. **Brother** – بھائی (Bhai)
4. **Sister** – بہن (Behen)
5. **Son** – بیٹا (Beta)
6. **Daughter** – بیٹی (Beti)
7. **Uncle** – چچا (Chacha) / ماموں (Mamoo)
8. **Aunt** – چچی (Chachi) / ممانی (Mamoni)
9. **Grandfather** – دادا (Dada) / نانا (Nana)
10. **Grandmother** – دادی (Dadi) / نانی (Nani)

Days of the Week

Understanding the days of the week is essential for planning and conversation:

1. **Monday** – پیر (Peer)
2. **Tuesday** – منگل (Mangal)
3. **Wednesday** – بدھ (Budh)
4. **Thursday** – جمعرات (Jumeraat)
5. **Friday** – جمعہ (Jumma)
6. **Saturday** – ہفتہ (Hafta)
7. **Sunday** – اتوار (Itwaar)

Basic Adjectives

Adjectives help you describe nouns and are essential for making your speech more detailed and interesting:

1. **Big** – بڑا (Bara)
2. **Small** – چھوٹا (Chhota)
3. **Good** – اچھا (Achha)
4. **Bad** – برا (Bura)
5. **Happy** – خوش (Khush)
6. **Sad** – اداس (Udaas)
7. **Hot** – گرم (Garam)
8. **Cold** – ٹھنڈا (Thanda)
9. **Beautiful** – خوبصورت (Khoobsurat)
10. **Expensive** – مہنگا (Mehnga)

Common Verbs

Verbs are action words and are crucial for constructing sentences. Here are some basic verbs:

1. **To be** – ہونا (Hona)
2. **To have** – رکھنا (Rakhna)
3. **To go** – جانا (Jana)
4. **To come** – آنا (Aana)
5. **To eat** – کھانا (Khana)
6. **To drink** – پینا (Peena)
7. **To see** – دیکھنا (Dekhna)
8. **To speak** – بولنا (Bolna)
9. **To read** – پڑھنا (Parhna)
10. **To write** – لکھنا (Likhna)

Question Words

Question words are essential for asking questions and gathering information:

1. **What** – کیا (Kya)
2. **Who** – کون (Kon)
3. **Where** – کہاں (Kahan)
4. **When** – کب (Kab)
5. **Why** – کیوں (Kyun)
6. **How** – کیسے (Kaise)

Colors

Colors are useful for describing objects and making your conversations more vivid:

1. **Red** – لال (Laal)
2. **Blue** – نیلا (Neela)
3. **Green** – سبز (Sabz)
4. **Yellow** – پیلا (Peela)
5. **Black** – کالا (Kala)
6. **White** – سفید (Safed)
7. **Brown** – بھورا (Bhoora)
8. **Orange** – نارنجی (Naranji)
9. **Pink** – گلابی (Gulaabi)
10. **Purple** – جامنی (Jamni)

Common Phrases

Here are some common phrases that you can use in everyday conversations:

1. **How much is this?** – یہ کتنے کا ہے؟ (Yeh Kitne Ka Hai?)
2. **I don’t understand** – میں نہیں سمجھا (Main Nahi Samjha)
3. **Can you help me?** – کیا آپ میری مدد کر سکتے ہیں؟ (Kya Aap Meri Madad Kar Sakte Hain?)
4. **Where is the bathroom?** – باتھ روم کہاں ہے؟ (Bathroom Kahan Hai?)
5. **I like it** – مجھے یہ پسند ہے (Mujhe Yeh Pasand Hai)
6. **I don’t like it** – مجھے یہ پسند نہیں (Mujhe Yeh Pasand Nahi)
7. **What time is it?** – کیا وقت ہوا ہے؟ (Kya Waqt Hua Hai?)
8. **I am hungry** – میں بھوکا ہوں (Main Bhooka Hoon)
9. **I am thirsty** – میں پیاسا ہوں (Main Pyaasa Hoon)
10. **I am lost** – میں کھو گیا ہوں (Main Kho Gaya Hoon)

Directions

Knowing how to ask for and understand directions is crucial when navigating new places:

1. **Left** – بائیں (Baen)
2. **Right** – دائیں (Daen)
3. **Straight** – سیدھا (Seedha)
4. **Near** – قریب (Qareeb)
5. **Far** – دور (Door)
6. **North** – شمال (Shumal)
7. **South** – جنوب (Junoob)
8. **East** – مشرق (Mashriq)
9. **West** – مغرب (Maghrib)

Body Parts

Here are some words for different parts of the body:

1. **Head** – سر (Sar)
2. **Eye** – آنکھ (Aankh)
3. **Ear** – کان (Kaan)
4. **Nose** – ناک (Naak)
5. **Mouth** – منہ (Munh)
6. **Hand** – ہاتھ (Haath)
7. **Foot** – پاؤں (Paun)
8. **Leg** – ٹانگ (Taang)
9. **Arm** – بازو (Baazu)
10. **Heart** – دل (Dil)

Weather

Weather is a common topic of conversation. Here are some weather-related words:

1. **Rain** – بارش (Barish)
2. **Sun** – سورج (Sooraj)
3. **Cloud** – بادل (Baadal)
4. **Wind** – ہوا (Hawa)
5. **Hot** – گرم (Garam)
6. **Cold** – سرد (Sard)
7. **Snow** – برف (Baraf)
8. **Storm** – طوفان (Toofan)
9. **Fog** – دھند (Dhund)
10. **Thunder** – گرج (Garaj)

Common Places

Here are some common places you might need to talk about:

1. **House** – گھر (Ghar)
2. **School** – سکول (School)
3. **Market** – بازار (Bazaar)
4. **Hospital** – ہسپتال (Hospital)
5. **Restaurant** – ریستوران (Restaurant)
6. **Bank** – بینک (Bank)
7. **Park** – پارک (Park)
8. **Hotel** – ہوٹل (Hotel)
9. **Library** – لائبریری (Library)
10. **Cinema** – سنیما (Cinema)

Basic Sentences

Here are some simple sentences to help you start forming your own:

1. **I am a student** – میں طالب علم ہوں (Main Taalib-e-Ilm Hoon)
2. **This is my book** – یہ میری کتاب ہے (Yeh Meri Kitaab Hai)
3. **I live in Pakistan** – میں پاکستان میں رہتا ہوں (Main Pakistan Mein Rehta Hoon)
4. **I like to read** – مجھے پڑھنا پسند ہے (Mujhe Parhna Pasand Hai)
5. **She is my friend** – وہ میری دوست ہے (Woh Meri Dost Hai)
6. **What is this?** – یہ کیا ہے؟ (Yeh Kya Hai?)
7. **Where are you going?** – آپ کہاں جا رہے ہیں؟ (Aap Kahan Ja Rahe Hain?)
8. **I need help** – مجھے مدد چاہیے (Mujhe Madad Chahiye)
9. **I am learning Urdu** – میں اردو سیکھ رہا ہوں (Main Urdu Seekh Raha Hoon)
10. **Can you speak slowly?** – کیا آپ آہستہ بول سکتے ہیں؟ (Kya Aap Ahista Bol Sakte Hain?)

By familiarizing yourself with these essential words and phrases, you’ll be well on your way to building a solid foundation in Urdu. Practice regularly, use these words in your daily conversations, and don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Language learning is a journey, and every step you take brings you closer to fluency. Happy learning!