Abstract and Complex Vocabulary

At the C1 level, you will encounter more abstract and complex vocabulary. This is essential for discussing a wide range of topics, from social issues to scientific concepts.

Social and Cultural Topics

1. **Globalização** (Globalization) – Refers to the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
2. **Desigualdade** (Inequality) – The state of not being equal, especially in status and opportunities.
3. **Sustentabilidade** (Sustainability) – Meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
4. **Diversidade** (Diversity) – The state of being diverse; variety.
5. **Inclusão** (Inclusion) – The action or state of including or of being included within a group or structure.

Scientific and Technical Terms

1. **Tecnologia** (Technology) – The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
2. **Inovação** (Innovation) – The process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value.
3. **Biodegradável** (Biodegradable) – Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms.
4. **Energia Renovável** (Renewable Energy) – Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
5. **Inteligência Artificial** (Artificial Intelligence) – The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.

Advanced Verbs

Mastery of advanced verbs will significantly improve your ability to express nuanced thoughts and actions.

Verbs for Expressing Emotions and Thoughts

1. **Analisar** (To analyze) – To examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of something.
2. **Considerar** (To consider) – To think carefully about something, typically before making a decision.
3. **Duvidar** (To doubt) – To feel uncertain about something.
4. **Examinar** (To examine) – To inspect someone or something in detail to determine their nature or condition.
5. **Interpretar** (To interpret) – To explain the meaning of information or actions.

Verbs for Professional and Academic Contexts

1. **Implementar** (To implement) – To put a decision, plan, agreement, etc., into effect.
2. **Investigar** (To investigate) – To carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and examine the facts.
3. **Propor** (To propose) – To put forward an idea or plan for consideration.
4. **Redigir** (To draft) – To write or compose a preliminary version of a document.
5. **Supervisionar** (To supervise) – To observe and direct the execution of a task or activity.

Idiomatic Expressions and Phrasal Verbs

Being familiar with idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs will make your speech sound more natural and fluent.

Common Idiomatic Expressions

1. **Dar com os burros na água** – To fail or to be unsuccessful in an endeavor.
2. **Fazer vista grossa** – To turn a blind eye, to ignore something intentionally.
3. **Pôr a mão na massa** – To get involved or to take action in a situation.
4. **Quebrar o galho** – To help out or to do a favor, often in an improvised manner.
5. **Estar com a faca e o queijo na mão** – To be in a situation where you have all the advantages or control.

Phrasal Verbs

1. **Acabar com** – To put an end to something.
2. **Afastar-se de** – To distance oneself from someone or something.
3. **Aperfeiçoar-se em** – To perfect oneself in a skill or activity.
4. **Contar com** – To count on, to rely on.
5. **Desistir de** – To give up on something or someone.

Advanced Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives and adverbs add depth to your descriptions, making your speech and writing more vivid and precise.

Adjectives for Describing People and Situations

1. **Apropriado** (Appropriate) – Suitable or proper in the circumstances.
2. **Complexo** (Complex) – Consisting of many different and connected parts.
3. **Controvertido** (Controversial) – Giving rise or likely to give rise to public disagreement.
4. **Exigente** (Demanding) – Requiring much skill or effort.
5. **Imparcial** (Impartial) – Treating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.

Adverbs for Enhancing Verbs and Adjectives

1. **Apropriadamente** (Appropriately) – In a manner that is suitable or proper in the circumstances.
2. **Complexamente** (Complexly) – In a complex manner.
3. **Controvertidamente** (Controversially) – In a manner that gives rise to public disagreement.
4. **Exigentemente** (Demandingly) – In a manner that requires much skill or effort.
5. **Imparcialmente** (Impartially) – In a manner that treats all rivals or disputants equally.

Connectors and Transition Words

Using connectors and transition words effectively will enhance the flow and coherence of your speech and writing.

Connectors for Adding Information

1. **Além disso** (Moreover) – Used to add an additional point.
2. **Aliás** (Besides) – Used to introduce an additional point or idea.
3. **Bem como** (As well as) – Used to link two ideas or pieces of information.
4. **De fato** (In fact) – Used to emphasize the truth of a statement.
5. **Por outro lado** (On the other hand) – Used to introduce a contrasting point.

Connectors for Expressing Cause and Effect

1. **Portanto** (Therefore) – Used to introduce the logical result of a statement.
2. **Por conseguinte** (Consequently) – As a result; therefore.
3. **Assim** (Thus) – Used to introduce a result or consequence.
4. **Logo** (Hence) – As a consequence; for this reason.
5. **De modo que** (So that) – Used to introduce the result of an action.

Expressions for Formal and Informal Contexts

Knowing when to use formal and informal expressions will help you navigate different social and professional situations more effectively.

Formal Expressions

1. **Cumprimentos** (Greetings) – A polite expression of goodwill on meeting.
2. **Solicitar** (To request) – To ask for something formally and politely.
3. **Agradecer** (To thank) – To express gratitude.
4. **Desculpar-se** (To apologize) – To express regret for an offense or fault.
5. **Cumprimentar** (To compliment) – To express praise or admiration.

Informal Expressions

1. **Oi** (Hi) – A casual greeting.
2. **Pedir** (To ask) – To request something in an informal manner.
3. **Valeu** (Thanks) – Informal way to say thank you.
4. **Foi mal** (My bad) – Informal way to apologize.
5. **Parabéns** (Congratulations) – Used to express good wishes.

Technical and Specialized Vocabulary

For professional or academic advancement, having a grasp of technical and specialized vocabulary is crucial.

Business and Economics

1. **Lucro** (Profit) – The financial gain made in a transaction.
2. **Investimento** (Investment) – The action or process of investing money for profit.
3. **Mercado** (Market) – The area or arena in which commercial dealings are conducted.
4. **Recessão** (Recession) – A period of temporary economic decline.
5. **Ações** (Stocks) – The capital raised by a business or corporation through the issue and subscription of shares.

Legal Terms

1. **Contratante** (Contractor) – A person or company that undertakes a contract to provide materials or labor.
2. **Jurisdição** (Jurisdiction) – The official power to make legal decisions and judgments.
3. **Litígio** (Litigation) – The process of taking legal action.
4. **Testemunha** (Witness) – A person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place.
5. **Acusação** (Accusation) – A charge or claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong.

Expressions for Debate and Argumentation

Being able to participate in debates and arguments is a key skill at the C1 level.

Introducing Points

1. **Em primeiro lugar** (Firstly) – Used to introduce the first point in a series.
2. **Além do mais** (Furthermore) – Used to introduce an additional point.
3. **A título de exemplo** (For instance) – Used to introduce an example.
4. **Notavelmente** (Notably) – Used to introduce a significant point.
5. **Adicionalmente** (Additionally) – Used to introduce an additional point.

Expressing Agreement and Disagreement

1. **Concordo plenamente** (I completely agree) – Used to express full agreement.
2. **Estou de acordo** (I agree) – Used to express agreement.
3. **Discordo** (I disagree) – Used to express disagreement.
4. **Não acho que** (I don’t think that) – Used to introduce a disagreement.
5. **Há controvérsias** (There are controversies) – Used to indicate that a topic is debatable.

Conclusion

Reaching a C1 level in Portuguese is a significant milestone that requires a deep understanding of the language’s grammar, vocabulary, and nuances. By incorporating the advanced words and phrases covered in this article, you will be better equipped to express yourself clearly and effectively in both formal and informal contexts. Whether you’re discussing complex social issues, participating in professional meetings, or engaging in casual conversations, these words will help you communicate with confidence and precision. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find yourself navigating the intricacies of the Portuguese language with ease.