Learning Marathi can be an exciting journey, especially when you start understanding and using verbs correctly. One of the most common yet confusing pairs of verbs for learners is येतो (yeto) and जातो (jato). Both verbs are crucial as they describe actions related to movement—coming and going. In this article, we will decode the nuances of these two verbs, their usage, and how you can effectively use them in your daily conversations in Marathi.

Understanding येतो (yeto)

येतो (yeto) means “to come” in English. It is used to indicate the action of coming towards the speaker or the location where the speaker is or will be.

ये (ye) – to come
तो उद्या येणार आहे.

तो (to) – he
तो येथे येतो.

येणार (yenar) – will come
मी उद्या येणार आहे.

Conjugation of येतो

The verb येतो changes its form based on the subject and tense.

Present tense:
– I come: मी येतो (mi yeto)
– You come: तू येतोस (tu yetos)
– He comes: तो येतो (to yeto)
– She comes: ती येते (ti yete)
– We come: आम्ही येतो (amhi yeto)
– You (plural) come: तुम्ही येता (tumhi yeta)
– They come: ते येतात (te yetat)

Past tense:
– I came: मी आलो (mi alo)
– You came: तू आलास (tu alas)
– He came: तो आला (to ala)
– She came: ती आली (ti ali)
– We came: आम्ही आलो (amhi alo)
– You (plural) came: तुम्ही आलात (tumhi alat)
– They came: ते आले (te ale)

Future tense:
– I will come: मी येईन (mi yein)
– You will come: तू येशील (tu yeshil)
– He will come: तो येईल (to yeil)
– She will come: ती येईल (ti yeil)
– We will come: आम्ही येऊ (amhi yeu)
– You (plural) will come: तुम्ही याल (tumhi yal)
– They will come: ते येतील (te yetil)

Understanding जातो (jato)

जातो (jato) means “to go” in English. It is used to indicate the action of moving away from the speaker or the location where the speaker currently is.

जा (ja) – to go
तू शाळेत जात आहेस.

तो (to) – he
तो बाजारात जातो.

जाणार (janar) – will go
मी उद्या जाणार आहे.

Conjugation of जातो

The verb जातो also changes its form based on the subject and tense.

Present tense:
– I go: मी जातो (mi jato)
– You go: तू जातोस (tu jatos)
– He goes: तो जातो (to jato)
– She goes: ती जाते (ti jate)
– We go: आम्ही जातो (amhi jato)
– You (plural) go: तुम्ही जाता (tumhi jata)
– They go: ते जातात (te jatat)

Past tense:
– I went: मी गेलो (mi gelo)
– You went: तू गेलास (tu gelas)
– He went: तो गेला (to gela)
– She went: ती गेली (ti geli)
– We went: आम्ही गेलो (amhi gelo)
– You (plural) went: तुम्ही गेलात (tumhi gelat)
– They went: ते गेले (te gele)

Future tense:
– I will go: मी जाईन (mi jain)
– You will go: तू जाशील (tu jashil)
– He will go: तो जाईल (to jail)
– She will go: ती जाईल (ti jail)
– We will go: आम्ही जाऊ (amhi jau)
– You (plural) will go: तुम्ही जाल (tumhi jal)
– They will go: ते जातील (te jatil)

Usage Examples in Sentences

To make it clearer, let’s look at some usage examples for both येतो and जातो in different contexts.

ये (ye) – to come
ती माझ्याकडे येते.

येणार (yenar) – will come
तो उद्या येणार आहे.

आले (ale) – came
ते माझ्या घरी आले.

जाणे (jane) – to go
आम्ही उद्या जाणार आहोत.

गेलो (gelo) – went
मी काल शाळेत गेलो.

जाईन (jain) – will go
मी उद्या बाजारात जाईन.

Common Mistakes and Tips

1. **Confusing Subjects**: Ensure that the verb agrees with the subject in both number and gender. For example, तो येतो (to yeto) is correct for “he comes,” while ती येते (ti yete) is correct for “she comes.”

2. **Tense Mismatch**: Always match the tense of the verb with the context of the sentence. For example, तो आला (to ala) means “he came,” which is past tense, while तो येतो (to yeto) means “he comes,” which is present tense.

3. **Using the Correct Form**: When conjugating, remember the specific endings for each subject and tense. Practice is key to mastering these forms.

4. **Practice with Native Speakers**: The best way to internalize these verbs is by practicing with native Marathi speakers. Listen to how they use येतो and जातो in different contexts.

Practical Exercises

To solidify your understanding, here are some exercises you can try:

1. **Translate the Sentences**:
– I will come tomorrow. (मी उद्या येईन)
– He goes to the market. (तो बाजारात जातो)
– They came to my house. (ते माझ्या घरी आले)

2. **Fill in the Blanks**:
– मी शाळेत ______ (जातो/येतो). (Correct answer: जातो)
– तू उद्या ______ (जाशील/येशील). (Correct answer: येशील)
– ती माझ्याकडे ______ (आली/गेली). (Correct answer: आली)

3. **Conjugate the Verb**:
– Conjugate ये (ye) in the present tense for “we.” (Correct answer: आम्ही येतो)
– Conjugate जा (ja) in the future tense for “they.” (Correct answer: ते जातील)

Conclusion

Mastering the use of येतो and जातो is fundamental in becoming proficient in Marathi. These verbs not only help in expressing movement but also enhance your ability to describe actions related to coming and going accurately. By understanding their conjugations, practicing regularly, and using them in real-life conversations, you can become more comfortable and fluent in Marathi.

Remember, language learning is a gradual process, and each step you take brings you closer to fluency. Keep practicing, stay curious, and enjoy the journey of learning Marathi!