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Perfect Tenses Comparison Exercises For Greek Grammar

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Perfect Tenses in Greek grammar constitute a significant part of the Greek verb system. There are three main types of perfect tenses – perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. Each of these tenses indicates an action that has been completed in different time frames. The perfect tense suggests an action completed in the present, pluperfect indicates an action completed in the past, and the future perfect shows an action that will be completed in the future. This nuanced framework plays a central role in constructing well-structured, meaningful Greek sentences.

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb form

1. ĪˆĻ‡Ļ‰ *Ī²Ī¬Ī»ĪµĪ¹* (put) Ļ„Ī± Ļ€Ī±Ī¹Ī“Ī¹Ī¬ Ī½Ī± ĪŗĪæĪ¹Ī¼Ī·ĪøĪæĻĪ½.
2. ĪŸ Ī¬Ī½Ļ„ĻĪ±Ļ‚ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĪ¹* (has) ĪŗĻŒĻˆĪµĪ¹ Ļ„Īæ Ī³ĻĪ±ĻƒĪÆĪ“Ī¹.
3. Ī¤Īæ Ļ€Ī±Ī¹Ī“ĪÆ *ĪµĪÆĻ‡Īµ* (had) Ļ†Ī¬ĪµĪ¹ ĻŒĪ»Ī± Ļ„Ī± Ī¼Ī®Ī»Ī±.
4. Ī¤Ī± Ļ€Ī±Ī¹Ī“Ī¹Ī¬ *ĪøĪ± Ī­Ļ‡ĪæĻ…Ī½* (will have) Ļ†Ļ„Ī¬ĻƒĪµĪ¹ ĻƒĻ„Īæ ĻƒĻ‡ĪæĪ»ĪµĪÆĪæ Ī¼Ī­Ļ‡ĻĪ¹ Ļ„Ī¹Ļ‚ 8:00.
5. Ī•Ī»Ļ€ĪÆĪ¶Ļ‰ ĻŒĻ„Ī¹ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĻ„Īµ* (you have) ĪŗĪ±Ļ„Ī±Ī»Ī¬Ī²ĪµĪ¹.
6. Ī‘Ļ…Ļ„Ī® *ĪµĪÆĻ‡Īµ* (she had) Ī“Ī¹Ī±Ī²Ī¬ĻƒĪµĪ¹ Ļ„Īæ Ī²Ī¹Ī²Ī»ĪÆĪæ Ļ€ĻĪ¹Ī½ Ī­ĻĪøĪµĪ¹ ĻƒĻ„Ī·Ī½ Ļ„Ī¬Ī¾Ī·.
7. ĪšĪ¬Ļ€ĪæĪ¹Ī± ĻƒĻ„Ī¹Ī³Ī¼Ī®, ĪµĻƒĻ *ĪøĪ± Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĪ¹Ļ‚* (you will have) Ļ€ĪµĪ¹ ĻˆĪ­Ī¼Ī±Ļ„Ī±.
8. ĪŸĪ¹ Ļ†ĪÆĪ»ĪæĪ¹ Ī¼ĪæĻ… *ĪµĪÆĻ‡Ī±Ī½* (had) Ļ†ĻĪ³ĪµĪ¹ ĻŒĻ„Ī±Ī½ Ī®ĻĪøĪµĻ‚.
9. *ĪˆĻ‡ĪæĻ…Ī½* (They have) Ļ€ĪµĪ¹ ĻˆĪ­Ī¼Ī±Ļ„Ī± Ļ€ĪæĪ»Ī»Ī­Ļ‚ Ļ†ĪæĻĪ­Ļ‚.
10. ĪŸ ĪŗĪ±ĪøĪ·Ī³Ī·Ļ„Ī®Ļ‚ *ĪøĪ± Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĪ¹* (will have) Ī²Ī±ĪøĪ¼ĪæĪ»ĪæĪ³Ī·ĪøĪµĪÆ Ļ„Ī± Ī“ĪæĪŗĪÆĪ¼Ī¹Ī± Ī¼Ī­Ļ‡ĻĪ¹ Ļ„Ī·Ī½ ĪµĻ€ĻŒĪ¼ĪµĪ½Ī· ĪµĪ²Ī“ĪæĪ¼Ī¬Ī“Ī±.
11. Ī•ĪÆĻ‡Ī± *Ī“ĪµĪ¹* (seen) ĻŒĪ»ĪµĻ‚ Ļ„Ī¹Ļ‚ Ļ„Ī±Ī¹Ī½ĪÆĪµĻ‚ Ļ€ĻĪ¹Ī½ ĻƒĪæĻ… Ļ„Ī¹Ļ‚ ĪµĪÆĻ€Ī±.
12. Ī˜Ī± *Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĻ„Īµ* (you will have) Ļ†ĻĪ³ĪµĪ¹ Ī³Ī¹Ī± Ļ„Ī· Ī“ĪæĻ…Ī»ĪµĪ¹Ī¬ Ļ€ĻĪ¹Ī½ ĪµĪ³ĻŽ Ī¾Ļ…Ļ€Ī½Ī®ĻƒĻ‰.
13. *ĪˆĻ‡Ļ‰* (I have) Ī²ĻĪµĪ¹ Ļ„Īæ ĪŗĪ¹Ī½Ī·Ļ„ĻŒ Ī¼ĪæĻ….
14. *Ī˜Ī± Ī­Ļ‡ĪæĻ…Ī½ ĪæĪ»ĪæĪŗĪ»Ī·ĻĻŽĻƒĪµĪ¹* (They will have completed) Ļ„Īæ Ļ€ĻĻŒĪ³ĻĪ±Ī¼Ī¼Ī± Ī¼Ī­Ļ‡ĻĪ¹ Ļ„ĪæĪ½ ĪœĪ¬Ī¹Īæ.
15. Ī•Ī¼ĪµĪÆĻ‚ *ĪµĪÆĻ‡Ī±Ī¼Īµ Ī¾ĪµĪŗĪ¹Ī½Ī®ĻƒĪµĪ¹* (we had started) Ļ„Īæ Ļ€ĻĻ‰ĪÆ Ī½Ļ‰ĻĪÆĻ‚.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the perfect tense of given verb

1. Ī•Ī¼ĪµĪÆĻ‚ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪæĻ…Ī¼Īµ ĪæĪ»ĪæĪŗĪ»Ī·ĻĻŽĻƒĪµĪ¹* (completed) Ļ„Ī·Ī½ ĪµĻĪ³Ī±ĻƒĪÆĪ±.
2. Ī•ĻƒĻ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĪ¹Ļ‚ Ļ†Ī¬ĪµĪ¹* (eaten) Ļ„Īæ Ī“ĪµĪÆĻ€Ī½Īæ.
3. Ī‘Ļ…Ļ„ĪæĪÆ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪæĻ…Ī½ Ļ†Ļ„Ī¬ĻƒĪµĪ¹* (arrived) ĻƒĻ„ĪæĪ½ Ļ€ĻĪæĪæĻĪ¹ĻƒĪ¼ĻŒ Ļ„ĪæĻ…Ļ‚.
4. Ī ĪæĪ¹ĪæĻ‚ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĪ¹ Ļ€Ī¬ĻĪµĪ¹* (took) Ļ„Ī·Ī½ Ļ„ĻƒĪ¬Ī½Ļ„Ī± Ī¼ĪæĻ…;
5. Ī•Ī³ĻŽ *Ī­Ļ‡Ļ‰ Ī³ĻĪ¬ĻˆĪµĪ¹* (written) Ī­Ī½Ī± Ī³ĻĪ¬Ī¼Ī¼Ī± ĻƒĻ„ĪæĪ½ Ļ†ĪÆĪ»Īæ Ī¼ĪæĻ….
6. Ī•ĻƒĪµĪÆĻ‚ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĻ„Īµ Ī“ĪµĪ¹* (seen) Ī±Ļ…Ļ„Ī®Ī½ Ļ„Ī·Ī½ Ļ„Ī±Ī¹Ī½ĪÆĪ±;
7. ĪŸ Ī£Ļ€ĻĻĪæĻ‚ ĪŗĪ±Ī¹ Ī· Ī•Ī»Ī­Ī½Ī· *Ī­Ļ‡ĪæĻ…Ī½ Ļ€Ī±Ī½Ļ„ĻĪµĻ…Ļ„ĪµĪÆ* (married).
8. Ī‘Ļ…Ļ„Ī® *ĪµĪÆĻ‡Īµ Ļ€Ī»Ī·ĻĻŽĻƒĪµĪ¹* (paid) Ļ„ĪæĪ½ Ī»ĪæĪ³Ī±ĻĪ¹Ī±ĻƒĪ¼ĻŒ.
9. Ī‘ĻĻĪ¹Īæ, *ĪøĪ± Ī­Ļ‡Ļ‰ ĪŗĪ¬Ī½ĪµĪ¹* (will have done) Ļ„Ī· Ī“ĪæĻ…Ī»ĪµĪ¹Ī¬ Ī¼ĪæĻ….
10. Ī ĪæĪ¹ĪæĻ‚ *ĪøĪ± Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĪ¹ Ļ€Ī¬ĻĪµĪ¹* (will have taken) Ļ„Īæ Ī²Ī¹Ī²Ī»ĪÆĪæ Ļ„ĪæĻ… Ī”Ī·Ī¼Ī®Ļ„ĻĪ·;
11. Ī•Ī¼ĪµĪÆĻ‚ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪæĻ…Ī¼Īµ ĪŗĪ¬Ī½ĪµĪ¹* (made) Ļ„Īæ ĪŗĻĪµĪ²Ī¬Ļ„Ī¹.
12. Ī•ĻƒĻ *Ī­Ļ‡ĪµĪ¹Ļ‚ Ļ€Ī¬ĻĪµĪ¹* (taken) Ļ„Ī¹Ļ‚ Ī²Ī¹Ļ„Ī±Ī¼ĪÆĪ½ĪµĻ‚ ĻƒĪæĻ…;
13. Ī¤ĪæĻ…Ļ‚ Ļ†ĪÆĪ»ĪæĻ…Ļ‚ Ī¼ĪæĻ… *ĪøĪ± Ī­Ļ‡Ļ‰ Ī“ĪµĪ¹* (will have seen) Ī¼Ī­Ļ‡ĻĪ¹ Ļ„Īæ Ļ„Ī­Ī»ĪæĻ‚ Ļ„Ī·Ļ‚ ĪµĪ²Ī“ĪæĪ¼Ī¬Ī“Ī±Ļ‚.
14. Ī•Ī³ĻŽ *ĪøĪ± Ī­Ļ‡Ļ‰ ĪæĪ»ĪæĪŗĪ»Ī·ĻĻŽĻƒĪµĪ¹* (will have completed) Ļ„Īæ Ī“Ī¹Ī¬Ī²Ī±ĻƒĪ¼Ī± Ī¼ĪæĻ… Ļ„ĪæĪ½ ĪµĻ€ĻŒĪ¼ĪµĪ½Īæ Ī¼Ī®Ī½Ī±.
15. Ī•ĻƒĪµĪÆĻ‚ *ĪµĪÆĻ‡Ī±Ļ„Īµ Ļ€Ī±ĪÆĪ¾ĪµĪ¹* (played) Ļ€ĪæĪ“ĻŒĻƒĻ†Ī±Ī¹ĻĪæ Ļ€ĻĪ¹Ī½ Ī·Ī¼ĪµĻĻŽĪ½;

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