The Past Perfect or the Pluperfect tense in Russian grammar is used to describe actions that were completed before a specific point in the past. Unlike other tenses in Russian, the formation of the Past Perfect tense does not involve the consistent use of specific verb endings. Instead, the tense is formed by using the past tense of the auxiliary verb “Š±ŃŃŃ” (to be) with the past participle of the main verb. In this case, the focus is on the comparison of actions in the past. By practicing these exercises, you will gain a deeper understanding of how to form and use the Past Perfect/Pluperfect tense in Russian and be able to compare past actions with more ease.
Past Perfect/Pluperfect Comparison Exercise 1
1. ŠŠ°ŃŠøŃ *ŠæŃŠøŃŠ»Š°* (come) Š“Š¾Š¼Š¾Š¹ Šø ŃŠ²ŠøŠ“ŠµŠ»Š°, ŃŃŠ¾ ŠµŠµ ŃŠµŃŃŃŠ° ŃŠ¶Šµ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ¶ŠøŠ½Š°Š»Š°.
2. ŠŠ½ *ŠæŠ¾Š·Š²Š¾Š½ŠøŠ»* (call) Š¼Š½Šµ, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń ŃŠ¶Šµ Š²ŃŃŠµŠ» ŠøŠ· Š¾ŃŠøŃŠ°.
3. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń *ŠæŃŠ¾ŃŠøŃŠ°Š»* (read) ŃŃŠ¾ ŠæŠøŃŃŠ¼Š¾, Ń ŠæŠ¾Š½ŃŠ», ŃŃŠ¾ Š±ŃŠ»Š¾ ŃŠ“ŠµŠ»Š°Š½Š¾ ŃŠµŃŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ.
4. ŠŠ½ŃŠ¾Š½ *Š²ŠµŃŠ½ŃŠ»ŃŃ* (return) Š² Š³Š¾ŃŠ¾Š“ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š·Š°ŠŗŠ¾Š½ŃŠøŠ» ŃŠ²Š¾Šµ ŠæŃŃŠµŃŠµŃŃŠ²ŠøŠµ.
5. ŠŃŠµŃŠ° Š¾Š½Š° *ŠæŠ¾Š²ŃŃŃŠµŃŠ°Š»Š°* (meet) Š¼ŠµŠ½Ń Š½Š° ŃŠ»ŠøŃŠµ, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń ŃŠµŠ» Šŗ Š¼Š°Š³Š°Š·ŠøŠ½Ń.
6. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¾Š½Šø *ŃŠ·Š½Š°Š»Šø* (find out) Š½Š¾Š²Š¾ŃŃŃ, Š¾Š½Šø ŃŠ“ŠøŠ²ŠøŠ»ŠøŃŃ.
7. ŠÆ *Š·Š°Š±ŃŠ»* (forget) ŃŠ²Š¾Š¹ ŠŗŠ¾ŃŠµŠ»ŠµŠŗ Š“Š¾Š¼Š°, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠøŠ½ŃŠ» ŠŗŠ²Š°ŃŃŠøŃŃ.
8. ŠŠ½Š° *ŃŠ¼Š¾ŃŃŠµŠ»Š°* (watch) ŃŠøŠ»ŃŠ¼, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń ŠæŃŠøŃŠµŠ» Š½Š° Š²ŠµŃŠµŃŠøŠ½ŠŗŃ.
9. ŠŃ *Š·Š°ŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š»Šø* (order) ŠæŠøŃŃŃ, Š½Š¾ Š¾Š½Š° ŠæŃŠøŃŠ»Š° ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ ŃŃŠ»Šø Š³Š¾ŃŃŠø.
10. ŠŠ±Š° Š¾Š½Šø *ŃŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š»Šø* (say) ŃŠ²Š¾Šø Š¼Š½ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“ ŃŠµŠ¼, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š½Š°ŃŠ°Š»Š°ŃŃ Š“ŠøŃŠŗŃŃŃŠøŃ.
11. ŠŃŠµŃ *ŠæŠ¾ŠæŃŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»* (fix) Š¼Š°ŃŠøŠ½Ń, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¼Š°Š¼Š° ŃŃŠ»Š° Š² Š¼Š°Š³Š°Š·ŠøŠ½.
12. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń *Š½Š°ŃŠ°Š»* (start) ŃŃŠøŃŃ ŃŃŃŃŠŗŠøŠ¹ ŃŠ·ŃŠŗ, Ń Š½Šµ Š·Š½Š°Š» Š³ŃŠ°Š¼Š¼Š°ŃŠøŠŗŠø.
13. ŠÆ *Š¾ŃŠæŃŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»* (send) ŠæŠøŃŃŠ¼Š¾, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° ŃŠ·Š½Š°Š» Š¾Š± ŃŃŠ¾Š¹ Š½Š¾Š²Š¾ŃŃŠø.
14. ŠŠµ Š¼ŃŠ¶ *ŃŠæŠ°Š»* (fall) Ń Š»ŠµŃŃŠ½ŠøŃŃ, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¾Š½Š° Š±ŃŠ»Š° Š½Š° ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŠµ.
15. ŠŠµŃŠø *ŠæŠ¾ŠøŠ³ŃŠ°Š»Šø* (play) Š² ŠæŠ°ŃŠŗŠµ, ŠæŃŠµŠ¶Š“Šµ ŃŠµŠ¼ Š²ŠµŃŠ½ŃŃŃŃŃ Š“Š¾Š¼Š¾Š¹.
2. ŠŠ½ *ŠæŠ¾Š·Š²Š¾Š½ŠøŠ»* (call) Š¼Š½Šµ, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń ŃŠ¶Šµ Š²ŃŃŠµŠ» ŠøŠ· Š¾ŃŠøŃŠ°.
3. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń *ŠæŃŠ¾ŃŠøŃŠ°Š»* (read) ŃŃŠ¾ ŠæŠøŃŃŠ¼Š¾, Ń ŠæŠ¾Š½ŃŠ», ŃŃŠ¾ Š±ŃŠ»Š¾ ŃŠ“ŠµŠ»Š°Š½Š¾ ŃŠµŃŠµŠ½ŠøŠµ.
4. ŠŠ½ŃŠ¾Š½ *Š²ŠµŃŠ½ŃŠ»ŃŃ* (return) Š² Š³Š¾ŃŠ¾Š“ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š·Š°ŠŗŠ¾Š½ŃŠøŠ» ŃŠ²Š¾Šµ ŠæŃŃŠµŃŠµŃŃŠ²ŠøŠµ.
5. ŠŃŠµŃŠ° Š¾Š½Š° *ŠæŠ¾Š²ŃŃŃŠµŃŠ°Š»Š°* (meet) Š¼ŠµŠ½Ń Š½Š° ŃŠ»ŠøŃŠµ, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń ŃŠµŠ» Šŗ Š¼Š°Š³Š°Š·ŠøŠ½Ń.
6. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¾Š½Šø *ŃŠ·Š½Š°Š»Šø* (find out) Š½Š¾Š²Š¾ŃŃŃ, Š¾Š½Šø ŃŠ“ŠøŠ²ŠøŠ»ŠøŃŃ.
7. ŠÆ *Š·Š°Š±ŃŠ»* (forget) ŃŠ²Š¾Š¹ ŠŗŠ¾ŃŠµŠ»ŠµŠŗ Š“Š¾Š¼Š°, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠøŠ½ŃŠ» ŠŗŠ²Š°ŃŃŠøŃŃ.
8. ŠŠ½Š° *ŃŠ¼Š¾ŃŃŠµŠ»Š°* (watch) ŃŠøŠ»ŃŠ¼, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń ŠæŃŠøŃŠµŠ» Š½Š° Š²ŠµŃŠµŃŠøŠ½ŠŗŃ.
9. ŠŃ *Š·Š°ŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š»Šø* (order) ŠæŠøŃŃŃ, Š½Š¾ Š¾Š½Š° ŠæŃŠøŃŠ»Š° ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ ŃŃŠ»Šø Š³Š¾ŃŃŠø.
10. ŠŠ±Š° Š¾Š½Šø *ŃŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š»Šø* (say) ŃŠ²Š¾Šø Š¼Š½ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“ ŃŠµŠ¼, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š½Š°ŃŠ°Š»Š°ŃŃ Š“ŠøŃŠŗŃŃŃŠøŃ.
11. ŠŃŠµŃ *ŠæŠ¾ŠæŃŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»* (fix) Š¼Š°ŃŠøŠ½Ń, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¼Š°Š¼Š° ŃŃŠ»Š° Š² Š¼Š°Š³Š°Š·ŠøŠ½.
12. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń *Š½Š°ŃŠ°Š»* (start) ŃŃŠøŃŃ ŃŃŃŃŠŗŠøŠ¹ ŃŠ·ŃŠŗ, Ń Š½Šµ Š·Š½Š°Š» Š³ŃŠ°Š¼Š¼Š°ŃŠøŠŗŠø.
13. ŠÆ *Š¾ŃŠæŃŠ°Š²ŠøŠ»* (send) ŠæŠøŃŃŠ¼Š¾, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° ŃŠ·Š½Š°Š» Š¾Š± ŃŃŠ¾Š¹ Š½Š¾Š²Š¾ŃŃŠø.
14. ŠŠµ Š¼ŃŠ¶ *ŃŠæŠ°Š»* (fall) Ń Š»ŠµŃŃŠ½ŠøŃŃ, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¾Š½Š° Š±ŃŠ»Š° Š½Š° ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŠµ.
15. ŠŠµŃŠø *ŠæŠ¾ŠøŠ³ŃŠ°Š»Šø* (play) Š² ŠæŠ°ŃŠŗŠµ, ŠæŃŠµŠ¶Š“Šµ ŃŠµŠ¼ Š²ŠµŃŠ½ŃŃŃŃŃ Š“Š¾Š¼Š¾Š¹.
Past Perfect/Pluperfect Comparison Exercise 2
1. ŠŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ ŠŠ»ŠµŠŗŃŠµŠ¹ *ŠŗŃŠæŠøŠ»* (buy) Š±ŠøŠ»ŠµŃŃ, Š¾Š½Šø ŃŠµŠ»Šø Š½Š° ŠæŠ¾ŠµŠ·Š“.
2. ŠŃ *ŃŠ²ŠøŠ“ŠµŠ»ŠøŃŃ* (meet) Ń Š“ŃŃŠ·ŃŃŠ¼Šø, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š²ŠµŃŠ½ŃŠ»ŠøŃŃ Š² Š½Š°Ń Š³Š¾ŃŠ¾Š“.
3. ŠŠ½Š° Š±ŃŠ»Š° Š³ŃŃŃŃŠ½Š°Ń, ŃŠ°Šŗ ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¾Š½Š° *ŠæŠ¾ŃŠµŃŃŠ»Š°* (lose) ŃŠ²Š¾Ń ŠŗŠ¾ŃŠŗŃ.
4. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń *Š½Š°ŠæŠøŃŠ°Š»* (write) ŃŠ°ŃŃŠŗŠ°Š·, Ń ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š» ŠµŠ³Š¾ ŃŠ²Š¾ŠµŠ¼Ń ŃŃŠøŃŠµŠ»Ń.
5. ŠŠµŠ½Š° *ŃŠ°ŃŃŃŠ°Š»ŠøŃŃ* (break up) ŃŠ¾ ŃŠ²Š¾ŠøŠ¼ ŠæŠ°ŃŠ½ŠµŠ¼, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¼Ń ŠæŃŠøŠµŃ Š°Š»Šø Š½Š° ŠŗŃŃŠ¾ŃŃ.
6. ŠŠ½ *ŠæŠ¾Š²ŃŃŃŠµŃŠ°Š»* (meet) ŃŠ²Š¾Ń Š±ŃŠ²ŃŃŃ ŠæŠ¾Š“ŃŃŠ³Ń, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° ŃŠµŠ» Š½Š° ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŃ.
7. ŠŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Ń *Š¾ŃŠ“Š¾Ń Š½ŃŠ»* (rest) Š½Š° Š“ŠøŠ²Š°Š½Šµ, Ń ŃŠ½Š¾Š²Š° ŃŃŠ°Š» ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŠ°ŃŃ.
8. ŠŠ°ŃŃŃ *ŃŃŠ½ŃŠ»Š°* (fall asleep) ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“ ŃŠµŠ¼, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š½Š°ŃŠ°Š»ŃŃ ŃŠøŠ»ŃŠ¼.
9. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń *ŃŃŠøŠ»ŃŃ* (study) Š² ŠŗŠ¾Š»Š»ŠµŠ“Š¶Šµ, Ń Š¶ŠøŠ» Š² Š¾Š±ŃŠµŠ¶ŠøŃŠøŠø.
10. ŠŠ½ *ŃŃŠµŠ»* (leave) Š“Š¾Š¼Š¾Š¹, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° ŠµŠ³Š¾ Š¶ŠµŠ½Š° Š±ŃŠ»Š° Š½Š° ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŠµ.
11. ŠŠøŠŗŃŠ¾ŃŠøŃ *Š·Š°Š±ŃŠ»Š°* (forget) ŃŠ²Š¾Šø ŠŗŠ»ŃŃŠø, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š²ŃŃŠ»Š° ŠøŠ· Š“Š¾Š¼Š°.
12. ŠŠ½Šø *ŠæŠ¾Š³Š¾Š²Š¾ŃŠøŠ»Šø* (talk) ŃŠ½Š°ŃŠ°Š»Š° ŠæŠ¾ ŃŠµŠ»ŠµŃŠ¾Š½Ń, ŠæŃŠµŠ¶Š“Šµ ŃŠµŠ¼ Š²ŃŃŃŠµŃŠøŃŃŃŃ Š² ŃŠµŠ°Š»ŃŠ½Š¾Š¹ Š¶ŠøŠ·Š½Šø.
13. ŠŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¾Š½Š° *ŠæŠ¾ŃŠµŃŠøŠ»Š°* (visit) Š¼ŃŠ·ŠµŠ¹, Š¾Š½Š° ŃŃŠ»Š° Š² ŠŗŠøŠ½Š¾.
14. ŠÆ ŃŠ¶Šµ *ŠŗŃŠæŠøŠ»* (buy) ŠæŠ¾Š“Š°ŃŠ¾Šŗ, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¾Š½Š° ŃŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š»Š°, ŃŃŠ¾ Ń Š¾ŃŠµŃ ŃŃŠ¾-ŃŠ¾ Š“ŃŃŠ³Š¾Šµ.
15. Š£ŃŠµŠ½ŠøŠŗŠø *ŠæŠµŃŠµŃŠ“Š°Š»Šø* (retake) ŃŠŗŠ·Š°Š¼ŠµŠ½ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š·Š°Š²ŠµŃŃŠøŠ»Šø ŠŗŃŃŃ.
2. ŠŃ *ŃŠ²ŠøŠ“ŠµŠ»ŠøŃŃ* (meet) Ń Š“ŃŃŠ·ŃŃŠ¼Šø, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š²ŠµŃŠ½ŃŠ»ŠøŃŃ Š² Š½Š°Ń Š³Š¾ŃŠ¾Š“.
3. ŠŠ½Š° Š±ŃŠ»Š° Š³ŃŃŃŃŠ½Š°Ń, ŃŠ°Šŗ ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¾Š½Š° *ŠæŠ¾ŃŠµŃŃŠ»Š°* (lose) ŃŠ²Š¾Ń ŠŗŠ¾ŃŠŗŃ.
4. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń *Š½Š°ŠæŠøŃŠ°Š»* (write) ŃŠ°ŃŃŠŗŠ°Š·, Ń ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š» ŠµŠ³Š¾ ŃŠ²Š¾ŠµŠ¼Ń ŃŃŠøŃŠµŠ»Ń.
5. ŠŠµŠ½Š° *ŃŠ°ŃŃŃŠ°Š»ŠøŃŃ* (break up) ŃŠ¾ ŃŠ²Š¾ŠøŠ¼ ŠæŠ°ŃŠ½ŠµŠ¼, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¼Ń ŠæŃŠøŠµŃ Š°Š»Šø Š½Š° ŠŗŃŃŠ¾ŃŃ.
6. ŠŠ½ *ŠæŠ¾Š²ŃŃŃŠµŃŠ°Š»* (meet) ŃŠ²Š¾Ń Š±ŃŠ²ŃŃŃ ŠæŠ¾Š“ŃŃŠ³Ń, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° ŃŠµŠ» Š½Š° ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŃ.
7. ŠŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Ń *Š¾ŃŠ“Š¾Ń Š½ŃŠ»* (rest) Š½Š° Š“ŠøŠ²Š°Š½Šµ, Ń ŃŠ½Š¾Š²Š° ŃŃŠ°Š» ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŠ°ŃŃ.
8. ŠŠ°ŃŃŃ *ŃŃŠ½ŃŠ»Š°* (fall asleep) ŠæŠµŃŠµŠ“ ŃŠµŠ¼, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š½Š°ŃŠ°Š»ŃŃ ŃŠøŠ»ŃŠ¼.
9. ŠŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Ń *ŃŃŠøŠ»ŃŃ* (study) Š² ŠŗŠ¾Š»Š»ŠµŠ“Š¶Šµ, Ń Š¶ŠøŠ» Š² Š¾Š±ŃŠµŠ¶ŠøŃŠøŠø.
10. ŠŠ½ *ŃŃŠµŠ»* (leave) Š“Š¾Š¼Š¾Š¹, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° ŠµŠ³Š¾ Š¶ŠµŠ½Š° Š±ŃŠ»Š° Š½Š° ŃŠ°Š±Š¾ŃŠµ.
11. ŠŠøŠŗŃŠ¾ŃŠøŃ *Š·Š°Š±ŃŠ»Š°* (forget) ŃŠ²Š¾Šø ŠŗŠ»ŃŃŠø, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š²ŃŃŠ»Š° ŠøŠ· Š“Š¾Š¼Š°.
12. ŠŠ½Šø *ŠæŠ¾Š³Š¾Š²Š¾ŃŠøŠ»Šø* (talk) ŃŠ½Š°ŃŠ°Š»Š° ŠæŠ¾ ŃŠµŠ»ŠµŃŠ¾Š½Ń, ŠæŃŠµŠ¶Š“Šµ ŃŠµŠ¼ Š²ŃŃŃŠµŃŠøŃŃŃŃ Š² ŃŠµŠ°Š»ŃŠ½Š¾Š¹ Š¶ŠøŠ·Š½Šø.
13. ŠŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š¾Š½Š° *ŠæŠ¾ŃŠµŃŠøŠ»Š°* (visit) Š¼ŃŠ·ŠµŠ¹, Š¾Š½Š° ŃŃŠ»Š° Š² ŠŗŠøŠ½Š¾.
14. ŠÆ ŃŠ¶Šµ *ŠŗŃŠæŠøŠ»* (buy) ŠæŠ¾Š“Š°ŃŠ¾Šŗ, ŠŗŠ¾Š³Š“Š° Š¾Š½Š° ŃŠŗŠ°Š·Š°Š»Š°, ŃŃŠ¾ Ń Š¾ŃŠµŃ ŃŃŠ¾-ŃŠ¾ Š“ŃŃŠ³Š¾Šµ.
15. Š£ŃŠµŠ½ŠøŠŗŠø *ŠæŠµŃŠµŃŠ“Š°Š»Šø* (retake) ŃŠŗŠ·Š°Š¼ŠµŠ½ ŠæŠ¾ŃŠ»Šµ ŃŠ¾Š³Š¾, ŠŗŠ°Šŗ Š·Š°Š²ŠµŃŃŠøŠ»Šø ŠŗŃŃŃ.