Past/Future Comparison Exercises For Russian Grammar

Linguistic exercise resources for language practice sessions

In Russian grammar, Past/Future Comparison is an important concept to understand in order to express the differences between events or situations that happened in the past and those that will happen in the future. This aspect of grammar often involves the use of past and future tenses, as well as appropriate adverbs, pronouns, and conjunctions. These exercises will help you practice using different structures to accurately convey meaning and contrast in Russian sentences.

Exercise 1: Past vs. Future Comparison

1. ะ’ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปั‹ะน ั€ะฐะท ั *ะบัƒะฟะธะป* (bought) ะฟะธั†ั†ัƒ, ะฝะพ ะฝะฐ ัั‚ะพั‚ ั€ะฐะท ั ะฑัƒะดัƒ ะณะพั‚ะพะฒะธั‚ัŒ ัƒะถะธะฝ.
2. ะ•ัะปะธ ะฒั‡ะตั€ะฐ ะพะฝะฐ *ะฟั€ะธัˆะปะฐ* (came) ะฟะพะทะดะฝะพ, ะทะฐะฒั‚ั€ะฐ ะพะฝะฐ ะพะฑะตั‰ะฐะตั‚ ะฟั€ะธะนั‚ะธ ะฒะพะฒั€ะตะผั.
3. ะœั‹ *ะฟั€ะพั‡ะธั‚ะฐะปะธ* (read) ัั‚ัƒ ะบะฝะธะณัƒ ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ, ะฐ ั‚ะตะฟะตั€ัŒ ะฑัƒะดะตะผ ั‡ะธั‚ะฐั‚ัŒ ะดั€ัƒะณัƒัŽ.
4. ะ’ั‡ะตั€ะฐ ะพะฝะธ *ัะผะพั‚ั€ะตะปะธ* (watched) ั„ะธะปัŒะผ, ะฝะพ ะทะฐะฒั‚ั€ะฐ ะฟะปะฐะฝะธั€ัƒัŽั‚ ะฟะพะตั…ะฐั‚ัŒ ะฒ ั‚ะตะฐั‚ั€.
5. ะ’ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะผะตััั†ะต ั *ั€ะฐะฑะพั‚ะฐะป* (worked) ะพั‡ะตะฝัŒ ะผะฝะพะณะพ, ั‚ะฐะบ ั‡ั‚ะพ ะฒ ัะปะตะดัƒัŽั‰ะตะผ ะผะตััั†ะต ั…ะพั‡ัƒ ะพั‚ะดะพั…ะฝัƒั‚ัŒ.
6. ะ’ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปัƒัŽ ััƒะฑะฑะพั‚ัƒ ะผั‹ *ั…ะพะดะธะปะธ* (went) ะฝะฐ ะฟั€ะพะณัƒะปะบัƒ, ะฐ ะฝะฐ ัั‚ะพะน ััƒะฑะฑะพั‚ะต ั€ะตัˆะธะปะธ ัั…ะพะดะธั‚ัŒ ะฒ ะฟะฐั€ะบ.
7. ะ•ัะปะธ ั *ะทะฐะฑั‹ะป* (forgot) ะฟะพะทะฒะพะฝะธั‚ัŒ ะตะน ะฒั‡ะตั€ะฐ, ั‚ะพ ะพะฑัะทะฐั‚ะตะปัŒะฝะพ ะฟะพะทะฒะพะฝัŽ ัะตะณะพะดะฝั.
8. ะžะฝ *ะธะทัƒั‡ะฐะป* (studied) ั„ั€ะฐะฝั†ัƒะทัะบะธะน ัะทั‹ะบ, ะฝะพ ั‚ะตะฟะตั€ัŒ ั…ะพั‡ะตั‚ ะธะทัƒั‡ะฐั‚ัŒ ะธัะฟะฐะฝัะบะธะน.
9. ะ˜ะฒะฐะฝ *ะฟะพัะตั‚ะธะป* (visited) ะŸะตั‚ะตั€ะฑัƒั€ะณ ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ ะธ ัะพะฑะธั€ะฐะตั‚ัั ะฒะตั€ะฝัƒั‚ัŒัั ั‚ัƒะดะฐ ะฒ ัะปะตะดัƒัŽั‰ะตะผ.
10. ะœั‹ *ัะปัƒัˆะฐะปะธ* (listened) ะปะตะบั†ะธัŽ ะพ ะผะตะดะธั†ะธะฝะต ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปั‹ะน ั€ะฐะท, ะฝะพ ะฝะฐ ัั‚ะพั‚ ั€ะฐะท ะฟะพัะปัƒัˆะฐะตะผ ะพ ัŽั€ะธัะฟั€ัƒะดะตะฝั†ะธะธ.
11. ะะฐ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะน ะฝะตะดะตะปะต ะพะฝะฐ *ะฟะพั‡ั‚ะธ* (barely) ัƒัะฟะตะปะฐ ะฝะฐ ะฟะพะตะทะด, ะฝะพ ะฒ ัะปะตะดัƒัŽั‰ะธะน ั€ะฐะท ะฑัƒะดะตั‚ ะฑะพะปะตะต ะฟัƒะฝะบั‚ัƒะฐะปัŒะฝะฐ.
12. ะ’ั‡ะตั€ะฐ ั *ะฟะพะดะฐั€ะธะป* (gave) ะตะน ั†ะฒะตั‚ั‹, ะฐ ะทะฐะฒั‚ั€ะฐ ะฟั€ะธะฝะตััƒ ัะปะฐะดะพัั‚ะธ.
13. ะžะฝะฐ *ะธะณั€ะฐะปะฐ* (played) ะฝะฐ ะฟะธะฐะฝะธะฝะพ ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปั‹ะน ะฒะตั‡ะตั€, ะฝะพ ะพะฑะตั‰ะฐะตั‚ ัะฟะตั‚ัŒ ะดะปั ะผะตะฝั ะทะฐะฒั‚ั€ะฐ.
14. ะ ะฐะฝัŒัˆะต ั *ะปัŽะฑะธะป* (loved) ะบะฐั‚ะฐั‚ัŒัั ะฝะฐ ะฒะตะปะพัะธะฟะตะดะต, ั‚ะตะฟะตั€ัŒ ะฟั€ะตะดะฟะพั‡ะธั‚ะฐัŽ ะฑะตะณะฐั‚ัŒ.
15. ะžะฝะธ *ะฐั€ะตะฝะดะพะฒะฐะปะธ* (rented) ะผะฐัˆะธะฝัƒ ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะผะตััั†ะต, ะฒ ัะปะตะดัƒัŽั‰ะตะผ ะผะตััั†ะต ัะพะฑะธั€ะฐัŽั‚ัั ะบัƒะฟะธั‚ัŒ ัะฒะพัŽ.

Exercise 2: Past vs. Future Dependent Clauses

1. ะฅะพั‚ั ะผั‹ *ะทะฐะบะพะฝั‡ะธะปะธ* (finished) ะฟั€ะพะตะบั‚ ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะผะตััั†ะต, ะฝะฐะผ ะฟั€ะธะดะตั‚ัั ะฝะฐั‡ะฐั‚ัŒ ะฝะพะฒั‹ะน ัะบะพั€ะพ.
2. ะ•ัะปะธ ะพะฝ *ะปะพัˆะฐะดัŒ* (horse)ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัั ะทะฐะฒะตัั‚ะธ ะฒั‡ะตั€ะฐ, ะทะฐะฒั‚ั€ะฐ ะฒะพะทัŒะผะตั‚ ัะฒะพัŽ.
3. ะ’ ั‚ะพ ะฒั€ะตะผั ะบะฐะบ ะพะฝะฐ *ะฟะพัะตั‰ะฐะปะฐ* (attended) ะบะพะฝั„ะตั€ะตะฝั†ะธัŽ ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ, ะฒ ัั‚ะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ ะฟะปะฐะฝะธั€ัƒะตั‚ ั€ะฐััˆะธั€ะธั‚ัŒ ัะฒะพัŽ ัะตั‚ัŒ.
4. ะšะพะณะดะฐ ั ะฑั‹ะป ะผะพะปะพะดั‹ะผ, ั *ะฑะพัะปัั* (afraid) ัะพะฑะฐะบ, ะฝะพ ั‚ะตะฟะตั€ัŒ ั ะปัŽะฑะปัŽ ะธั….
5. ะŸะพัะบะพะปัŒะบัƒ ะฒั‡ะตั€ะฐ ะดะพะถะดัŒ *ัˆะตะป* (rained), ะทะฐะฒั‚ั€ะฐ ะพะฑะตั‰ะฐะตั‚ ะฑั‹ั‚ัŒ ัะพะปะฝะตั‡ะฝั‹ะผ ะดะฝะตะผ.
6. ะฅะพั‚ั ะฝะฐ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะน ะฝะตะดะตะปะต ะฑั‹ะปะพ ั…ะพะปะพะดะฝะพ, ะฝะฐ ัั‚ะพะน ะฝะตะดะตะปะต ะพะถะธะดะฐะตั‚ัั ั‚ะตะฟะปะพ.
7. ะžะฝะธ *ัะพะผะฝะตะฒะฐะปะธััŒ* (doubted) ะฒ ัะฒะพะธั… ั€ะตัˆะตะฝะธัั… ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะผะตััั†ะต, ะฝะพ ะฑัƒะดัƒั‚ ะฑะพะปะตะต ัƒะฒะตั€ะตะฝั‹ ะฒ ะฑัƒะดัƒั‰ะตะผ.
8. ะฏ *ะทะฐะฑั‹ะป* (forgot) ะฟั€ะพ ะฒัั‚ั€ะตั‡ัƒ ะฒั‡ะตั€ะฐ, ะฟะพัั‚ะพะผัƒ ะฝะฐ ัะปะตะดัƒัŽั‰ะตะน ะฝะตะดะตะปะต ะฑัƒะดัƒ ะฟัƒะฝะบั‚ัƒะฐะปัŒะฝะตะต.
9. ะ’ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ ั *ะฝะต ะทะฝะฐะป* (didn’t know) ะพ ั‚ะตะฑะต, ะฝะพ ั‚ะตะฟะตั€ัŒ ะผั‹ ะปัƒั‡ัˆะธะต ะดั€ัƒะทัŒั.
10. ะœั‹ *ะฟะปะฐะฝะธั€ะพะฒะฐะปะธ* (planned) ะพั‚ะบั€ั‹ั‚ัŒ ัะฒะพะน ะฑะธะทะฝะตั ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ, ะธ ัะตะนั‡ะฐั ั€ะฐะฑะพั‚ะฐะตะผ ะฝะฐะด ะฝะพะฒั‹ะผ ะฟะปะฐะฝะพะผ.
11. ะ‘ั‹ะปะพ ะดะพะฒะพะปัŒะฝะพ ั‚ั€ัƒะดะฝะพ ะฝะฐะนั‚ะธ *ะฑะธะปะตั‚ั‹* (tickets) ะฝะฐ ะบะพะฝั†ะตั€ั‚ ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะผะตััั†ะต, ะฝะพ ะฝะฐ ัั‚ะพั‚ ั€ะฐะท ะฑัƒะดะตั‚ ะปะตะณั‡ะต.
12. ะŸั€ะธัˆะปะพ ะฒั€ะตะผั ัะผะตะฝะธั‚ัŒ ัˆะธะฝั‹, ั‚ะฐะบ ะบะฐะบ ั ัƒะถะต *ะฟะพั‚ะตั€ัะป* (lost) ะพะดะฝัƒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะน ะฝะตะดะตะปะต.
13. ะ’ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ ั *ัƒั‡ะธะปัั* (studied) ะฒ ะดั€ัƒะณะพะผ ัƒะฝะธะฒะตั€ัะธั‚ะตั‚ะต, ะฐ ะฒ ัะปะตะดัƒัŽั‰ะตะผ ะณะพะดัƒ ัะพะฑะธั€ะฐัŽััŒ ะฟะตั€ะตะฒะตัั‚ะธััŒ ะฝะฐ ะดั€ัƒะณัƒัŽ ัะฟะตั†ะธะฐะปัŒะฝะพัั‚ัŒ.
14. ะฅะพั‚ั ะพะฝะธ *ะฝะต ัะผะพะณะปะธ* (couldn’t) ะฟะพะนั‚ะธ ะฒ ะพั‚ะฟัƒัะบ ะฒ ะฟั€ะพัˆะปะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ, ะพะฝะธ ัะพะฑะธั€ะฐัŽั‚ัั ะฟะพะนั‚ะธ ะฒ ัั‚ะพะผ.
15. ะ•ัะปะธ ะฒั‡ะตั€ะฐ ะพะฝะฐ *ะฝะฐะฒะตัะปะฐ* (to outweigh) ะฒัะต ัั‚ะพั€ะพะฝั‹ ะฟั€ะพะฑะปะตะผั‹, ั‚ะพ ะดะปั ะทะฐะฒั‚ั€ะฐ ะฟะพะดัƒะผะฐะตั‚ ะตั‰ะต.

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