Perfect Tenses in Marathi grammar involve the concept of completion of an action or occurrence. They are used to express something that has happened in the past and has an impact on the present moment, or that has occurred in the past relative to some other past occurrence. Comparing Perfect tenses in Marathi grammar involves understanding the subtleties between the different aspects of past actions, their progression, completion, and their relationship to the present moment. This would include the Simple Perfect, the Present Perfect, and the Past Perfect tenses.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Perfect Tense verb forms in Marathi
1. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤Ŗą„ą¤øą„ą¤¤ą¤ą„* (books) ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ą¤²ą„ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
2. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ *ą¤®ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°* (friend) ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤øą¤®ą¤¦ą„ą¤Æą„ ą¤ą¤²ą¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤.
3. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤ą¤¾ą¤®* (work) ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤ ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
4. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø* (study) ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
5. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤®ą„ą¤²ą„* (girls) ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
6. *ą¤ą¤* (Mother) ą¤ą„ą¤µą¤£ ą¤¬ą¤Øą¤µą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
7. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤¾ *ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤¬ą¤¾* (father) ą¤Æą„ą¤ą¤Ø ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
8. *ą¤®ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°* (friends) ą¤ą¤¾ą¤£ą„ ą¤ą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
9. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤øą¤æą¤Øą„ą¤®ą¤¾* (movie) ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤æą¤²ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
10. *ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą„* (they) ą¤ą¤°ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
11. *ą¤¤ą„* (you) ą¤ą¤¾ą¤ą¤Ø ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
12. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤«ą„ą¤²ą„* (flowers) ą¤ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤ą¤¦ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
13. *ą¤¬ą¤ą„ą¤ą¤¾* (children) ą¤ą„ą¤³ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
14. *ą¤ą¤ą„* (grandmother) ą¤ą¤„ą¤¾ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
15. *ą¤µą¤æą¤¦ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ą„* (students) ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤ą¤°ą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
2. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ *ą¤®ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°* (friend) ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤øą¤®ą¤¦ą„ą¤Æą„ ą¤ą¤²ą¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤.
3. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤ą¤¾ą¤®* (work) ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤ ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
4. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø* (study) ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
5. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤®ą„ą¤²ą„* (girls) ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
6. *ą¤ą¤* (Mother) ą¤ą„ą¤µą¤£ ą¤¬ą¤Øą¤µą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
7. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤¾ *ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤¬ą¤¾* (father) ą¤Æą„ą¤ą¤Ø ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
8. *ą¤®ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°* (friends) ą¤ą¤¾ą¤£ą„ ą¤ą¤¾ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
9. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤øą¤æą¤Øą„ą¤®ą¤¾* (movie) ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤æą¤²ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
10. *ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą„* (they) ą¤ą¤°ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
11. *ą¤¤ą„* (you) ą¤ą¤¾ą¤ą¤Ø ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
12. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤«ą„ą¤²ą„* (flowers) ą¤ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤ą¤¦ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
13. *ą¤¬ą¤ą„ą¤ą¤¾* (children) ą¤ą„ą¤³ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
14. *ą¤ą¤ą„* (grandmother) ą¤ą¤„ą¤¾ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
15. *ą¤µą¤æą¤¦ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ą„* (students) ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ø ą¤ą¤°ą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
Exercise 2: Replace the blank space with the correct Perfect Tense form in Marathi
1. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤¾ą¤* (brother) ą¤ą„ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
2. *ą¤¶ą¤æą¤ą„ą¤·ą¤* (teacher) ą¤µą¤æą¤¦ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤¶ą¤æą¤ą¤µą¤µą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
3. ą¤®ą„ą¤ą¤Øą„ *ą¤ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤Æą¤ą„ą¤°ą¤®* (program) ą¤Ŗą¤¹ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
4. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą„ *ą¤«ą¤³ą¤* (fruits) ą¤ą¤¾ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
5. *ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤³ą¤¾* (child) ą¤ą¤µą¤¾ą¤³ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤¤.
6. *ą¤ą¤¬ą¤¾* (father) ą¤ą¤¾ą¤® ą¤ą¤°ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
7. *ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾* (my) ą¤”ą„ą¤ą„ą¤ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤Øą„ ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤¤ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤øą¤£ą„ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
8. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤¾* (trip) ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
9. *ą¤¤ą„* (she) ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
10. *ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤Æą¤ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤ą„* (cook) ą¤ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤ ą¤¬ą¤Øą¤µą¤æą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
11. *ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą„* (they) ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤Ŗą¤ą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą„ą¤ą„ą¤·ą¤£ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
12. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤Ŗą„ą¤øą„* (money) ą¤¦ą¤æą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
13. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ *ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤ ą„ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤* (servant) ą¤ą¤° ą¤øą¤¾ą¤« ą¤ą¤°ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
14. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ *ą¤¬ą¤¹ą¤æą¤£* (sister) ą¤øą¤ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ ą¤ą¤°ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
15. *ą¤¤ą„* (they) ą¤¶ą¤¾ą¤³ą„ą¤¤ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
2. *ą¤¶ą¤æą¤ą„ą¤·ą¤* (teacher) ą¤µą¤æą¤¦ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤„ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą¤¾ ą¤¶ą¤æą¤ą¤µą¤µą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
3. ą¤®ą„ą¤ą¤Øą„ *ą¤ą¤¾ą¤°ą„ą¤Æą¤ą„ą¤°ą¤®* (program) ą¤Ŗą¤¹ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
4. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą„ *ą¤«ą¤³ą¤* (fruits) ą¤ą¤¾ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
5. *ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤³ą¤¾* (child) ą¤ą¤µą¤¾ą¤³ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤¤.
6. *ą¤ą¤¬ą¤¾* (father) ą¤ą¤¾ą¤® ą¤ą¤°ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤°ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
7. *ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾* (my) ą¤”ą„ą¤ą„ą¤ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤Øą„ ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤¤ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤øą¤£ą„ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
8. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤ą¤¾ą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤¾* (trip) ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
9. *ą¤¤ą„* (she) ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
10. *ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤Æą¤ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤ą„* (cook) ą¤ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤ ą¤¬ą¤Øą¤µą¤æą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾.
11. *ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą„* (they) ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤°ą¤Ŗą¤ą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą„ą¤ą„ą¤·ą¤£ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
12. ą¤®ą„ *ą¤Ŗą„ą¤øą„* (money) ą¤¦ą¤æą¤²ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
13. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ *ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤ ą„ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤* (servant) ą¤ą¤° ą¤øą¤¾ą¤« ą¤ą¤°ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
14. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ *ą¤¬ą¤¹ą¤æą¤£* (sister) ą¤øą¤ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ ą¤ą¤°ą¤¤ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.
15. *ą¤¤ą„* (they) ą¤¶ą¤¾ą¤³ą„ą¤¤ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą„.