Auxiliary verbs, also known as ‘helping verbs’, play a crucial role in Marathi grammar. They help to express the mood, tense, and voice of the verb they are attached to. In Marathi, there are many auxiliary verbs each one has particular cases where they can be used. For instance, alike English, auxiliary verbs such as ‘asane’ (to be), ‘nighane’ (to go) and ‘yetane’ (to come) are frequently used.
Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate auxiliary verbs.
1. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤¾ą¤ø* (to be) ą¤¤ą„ą¤µą„ą¤¹ą¤¾ ą¤®ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤„ą„ ą¤ą¤²ą„ ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
2. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą„* (to do) ą¤ ą¤øą„ą¤² ą¤¤ą¤° ą¤ą¤§ą„ ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤¾.
3. ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą„ *ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„* (did) ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤ ą¤ ą¤øą¤ ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤ą¤²ą¤ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
4. ą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą„ą¤ ą„ *ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„* (went) ą¤ą¤¹ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤æą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ ą¤ą¤¾?
5. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤ą¤ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤²ą„, “ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤²ą¤æą¤¹ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤ø* (writing) ą¤ ą¤øą¤¤ą„ą¤ø?”
6. ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤µą¤”ą¤²ą¤* (liked) ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą„ ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤¾ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¾ą¤® ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą¤µą¤”ą¤²ą¤ ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
7. ą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą¤§ą„ *ą¤ą¤µą¤°ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤°* (covering) ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
8. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą¤ ą¤ą¤¤ą„ą¤¤ą¤° *ą¤øą¤¾ą¤Ŗą¤”ą¤¤ą¤* (found) ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
9. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą„ą¤®ą¤ą¤„ą¤¾ *ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ą¤²ą„* (told) ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
10. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤ą„ą¤³ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æ* (playing) ą¤ą¤¾?
11. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤¶ą„ą¤Ø *ą¤øą„ą¤”ą¤µą¤æą¤²ą„* (answered) ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
12. ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ą„ ą¤µą„ą¤³ą¤¾ ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ą¤²ą¤* (told) ą¤ą¤¹ą„!
13. ą¤¤ą¤æą¤Øą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤¦ą¤æą¤²ą¤¾* (given) ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤ ą¤ą¤¾?
14. ą¤ą¤®ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤°ą„ *ą¤ą¤²ą„* (came) ą¤Ŗą¤°ą¤ą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą¤Ŗą¤£ ą¤ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą¤°ą„ą¤² ą¤Øą¤µą„ą¤¹ą¤¤ą„.
15. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤Æą„ą¤ą¤²* (will come) ą¤ ą¤øą¤ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤ą¤²ą¤ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
2. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą„* (to do) ą¤ ą¤øą„ą¤² ą¤¤ą¤° ą¤ą¤§ą„ ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤¾.
3. ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą„ *ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„* (did) ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤ ą¤ ą¤øą¤ ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤ą¤²ą¤ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
4. ą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą„ą¤ ą„ *ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„* (went) ą¤ą¤¹ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤æą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą¤¹ą„ ą¤ą¤¾?
5. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤ą¤ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤²ą„, “ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤²ą¤æą¤¹ą¤æą¤¤ą„ą¤ø* (writing) ą¤ ą¤øą¤¤ą„ą¤ø?”
6. ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤µą¤”ą¤²ą¤* (liked) ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤®ą„ą¤³ą„ ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤¾ ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą¤¾ą¤® ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤ą¤µą¤”ą¤²ą¤ ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
7. ą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą¤§ą„ *ą¤ą¤µą¤°ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤°* (covering) ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
8. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą¤ ą¤ą¤¤ą„ą¤¤ą¤° *ą¤øą¤¾ą¤Ŗą¤”ą¤¤ą¤* (found) ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
9. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą„ą¤®ą¤ą¤„ą¤¾ *ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ą¤²ą„* (told) ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
10. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤ą„ą¤³ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æ* (playing) ą¤ą¤¾?
11. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤¶ą„ą¤Ø *ą¤øą„ą¤”ą¤µą¤æą¤²ą„* (answered) ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
12. ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ą„ ą¤µą„ą¤³ą¤¾ ą¤®ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤æą¤¤ą¤²ą¤* (told) ą¤ą¤¹ą„!
13. ą¤¤ą¤æą¤Øą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤¦ą¤æą¤²ą¤¾* (given) ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤ą¤ ą¤ą¤¾?
14. ą¤ą¤®ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤ą¤°ą„ *ą¤ą¤²ą„* (came) ą¤Ŗą¤°ą¤ą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą¤Ŗą¤£ ą¤ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤µą¤°ą„ą¤² ą¤Øą¤µą„ą¤¹ą¤¤ą„.
15. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤Æą„ą¤ą¤²* (will come) ą¤ ą¤øą¤ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤ą¤²ą¤ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the auxiliary verb.
1. ą¤ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą„ ą¤øą¤ą¤³ą„ *ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤ą¤²ą„ą¤* (begun) ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
2. ą¤¤ą„ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤²ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ą¤¾* (read) ą¤ ą¤øą„ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤µą¤ą„ ą¤ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą„ ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤¤ą¤ ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ą„ą¤Ø ą¤¶ą¤æą¤§ą„ą¤Æą¤¾.
3. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤¬ą¤¤ą„ą¤¤ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Øą„ *ą¤ą¤¹ą„* (is) ą¤ ą¤øą¤ ą¤ą¤¾ą¤Æ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤ą¤²ą¤?
4. ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Ŗą„ą¤¢ą„ ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤Øą¤æą¤ą„* (went) ą¤ą¤¾?
5. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤øą„ą¤¤ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤ ą„ *ą¤ą¤¹ą„* (is)?
6. ą¤µą¤æą¤ą¤¾ą¤° ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¤ą¤° ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą„ *ą¤ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤²* (will do)?
7. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą¤¾ *ą¤ą„ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤²ą¤¾* (play) ą¤¹ą¤µą¤ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
8. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤Æą„ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æ* (coming) ą¤ą¤¾?
9. ą¤®ą„ ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤¤ą¤ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤³ą¤ą¤¤ą„* (know).
10. ą¤ą¤ ą¤ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤µą¤”ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤µą¤”ą¤²ą¤* (liked) ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
11. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤Øą¤µą„ą¤¹ą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤ą¤¹ą„* (is).
12. ą¤ą¤Ŗą¤£ ą¤ą¤¾ą¤Æ *ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„* (did)?
13. ą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą„ą¤ ą„ *ą¤Æą„ą¤¤ą„* (comes) ą¤ą¤¹ą„?
14. ą¤ą¤Ŗą¤£ *ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Æą¤²ą¤¾ą¤* (have to go) ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤¹ą„ą¤ą„.
15. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤¶ą„ą¤Ø *ą¤øą„ą¤”ą¤µą¤²ą„* (solved) ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.
2. ą¤¤ą„ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤£ą¤¾ą¤²ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤¾ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ą¤¾* (read) ą¤ ą¤øą„ ą¤øą¤¾ą¤ą¤ą¤£ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤µą¤ą„ ą¤ą„ ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą„ ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤¤ą¤ ą¤µą¤¾ą¤ą„ą¤Ø ą¤¶ą¤æą¤§ą„ą¤Æą¤¾.
3. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤¬ą¤¾ą¤¬ą¤¤ą„ą¤¤ ą¤¤ą„ą¤Øą„ *ą¤ą¤¹ą„* (is) ą¤ ą¤øą¤ ą¤ą¤¾ą¤Æ ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą¤ą¤²ą¤?
4. ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Ŗą„ą¤¢ą„ ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤Øą¤æą¤ą„* (went) ą¤ą¤¾?
5. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤øą„ą¤¤ą¤ ą¤ą„ą¤ ą„ *ą¤ą¤¹ą„* (is)?
6. ą¤µą¤æą¤ą¤¾ą¤° ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ ą¤¤ą¤° ą¤¤ą„ą¤®ą„ą¤¹ą„ *ą¤ą¤°ą¤¾ą¤²* (will do)?
7. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą¤¾ *ą¤ą„ą¤³ą¤¾ą¤Æą¤²ą¤¾* (play) ą¤¹ą¤µą¤ ą¤ą¤¹ą„.
8. ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤Æą„ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æ* (coming) ą¤ą¤¾?
9. ą¤®ą„ ą¤øą„ą¤µą¤¤ą¤ą¤²ą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤³ą¤ą¤¤ą„* (know).
10. ą¤ą¤ ą¤ą¤£ą¤æ ą¤µą¤”ą„ą¤²ą¤¾ą¤ą¤Øą¤¾ *ą¤ą¤µą¤”ą¤²ą¤* (liked) ą¤Øą¤¾ą¤¹ą„.
11. ą¤¤ą„ą¤Æą¤¾ ą¤Øą¤µą„ą¤¹ą¤¤ą¤¾ ą¤¤ą„ *ą¤ą¤¹ą„* (is).
12. ą¤ą¤Ŗą¤£ ą¤ą¤¾ą¤Æ *ą¤ą„ą¤²ą„* (did)?
13. ą¤¤ą„ ą¤ą„ą¤ ą„ *ą¤Æą„ą¤¤ą„* (comes) ą¤ą¤¹ą„?
14. ą¤ą¤Ŗą¤£ *ą¤Æą¤¾ą¤Æą¤²ą¤¾ą¤* (have to go) ą¤Ŗą¤¾ą¤¹ą„ą¤ą„.
15. ą¤®ą¤¾ą¤ą„ ą¤Ŗą„ą¤°ą¤¶ą„ą¤Ø *ą¤øą„ą¤”ą¤µą¤²ą„* (solved) ą¤ą¤¹ą„ą¤¤.