Quantitative adjectives, also known as number adjectives, play a significant role in Kannada grammar. These words help to describe the quantity or amount of a particular noun. This article delves into the structure and usage of quantitative adjectives in Kannada, providing a comprehensive guide for both native speakers and those learning the language.
Cardinal Adjectives
The most common type of quantitative adjectives in Kannada is cardinal adjectives, which indicate a specific number. Examples include เฒเฒเฒฆเณ (ondu – one), เฒเฒฐเฒกเณ (eradu – two), เฒฎเณเฒฐเณ (mooru – three), and เฒจเฒพเฒฒเณเฒเณ (naalku – four).
Ordinal Adjectives
Ordinal adjectives denote the position or order of an item in a sequence. Examples in Kannada include เฒฎเณเฒฆเฒฒเฒจเณ (modalane – first), เฒเฒฐเฒกเฒจเณ (eradane – second), เฒฎเณเฒฐเฒจเณ (moorane – third), and เฒจเฒพเฒฒเณเฒเฒจเณ (naalkane – fourth).
Quantitative adjectives in Kannada are generally formed by adding a suffix to the corresponding numeral, although there are some irregular cases. The suffix varies depending on the gender and number of the noun being described.
For example, to form ordinal adjectives, the following suffixes are added to the cardinal adjective:
– เฒจเณ (ne) for masculine nouns, e.g., เฒฎเณเฒฆเฒฒเฒจเณ (modalane – first)
– เฒคเฒฟ (ti) for feminine nouns, e.g., เฒฎเณเฒฆเฒฒเฒคเฒฟ (modalati – first)
Quantitative adjectives may either precede or follow the noun, depending on the context.
Before the noun: In typical Kannada sentences, the quantitative adjective comes before the noun it modifies.
Example: เฒจเฒพเฒจเณ เฒเฒฐเฒกเณ เฒชเณเฒธเณเฒคเฒเฒเฒณเฒจเณเฒจเณ เฒเฒฆเฒฟเฒฆเณเฒฆเณเฒจเณ. (Naanu eradu pustakagalannu oodiddeene – I read two books.)
After the noun: When used to emphasize the amount or number, the quantitative adjective follows the noun.
Example: เฒชเณเฒธเณเฒคเฒเฒเฒณเณ เฒฎเณเฒฐเณ, เฒจเฒพเฒจเณ เฒเฒฆเฒฟเฒฆเณเฒฆเณเฒจเณ. (Pustakagalu mooru, naanu oodiddeene – Three books, I have read.)
In some cases, quantitative adjectives can be combined with other adjectives to convey more specific information.
Example: เฒ เฒตเฒฐเณ เฒฎเณเฒฐเณ เฒฆเณเฒกเณเฒก เฒเฒชเฒฐเณเฒเณโเฒฎเณเฒเฒเณโเฒเฒณเฒจเณเฒจเณ เฒนเณเฒเฒฆเฒฟเฒฆเณเฒฆเฒพเฒฐเณ. (Avaru mooru dodd apart’ment’galannu hondiddaare – They have three big apartments.)
Understanding quantitative adjectives is vital for mastering Kannada grammar, as they add depth and specificity to descriptions. By grasping their formation, types, and usage, one can enhance their Kannada language skills and communicate more effectively with native speakers.
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