How Prepositions Function with Verbs in Hebrew

Prepositions in Hebrew often serve to connect a verb with its object, providing context for the action. These critical links enhance sentence clarity and prevent ambiguity. Below are key examples of prepositions commonly used with Hebrew verbs.

ל- (l-)
The preposition “ל” (l-) is one of the most frequently used and versatile prepositions, often translating to “to” or “for” in English. It primarily indicates direction, purpose, or an indirect object, as seen in these examples:

• אני נותן לו ספר (Ani noten lo sefer) – I give him a book.
• אני קורא לך מעבר (Ani kore lach me’ever) – I read to you from across.

ב- (b-)
“ב” (b-) is another common preposition, often translating to “in,” “at,” or “on.” It denotes a concept’s location or presence, as demonstrated below:

• אני יושב בכיסא (Ani yoshev be-kise) – I sit on a chair.
• היא בודקת בכיוון (Hi bodket b’kivun) – She checks in the direction.

م- (m-)
“م” (m-) generally translates to “from” or “out of” and indicates origin, source, or an agentive relationship. Consider the following examples:

• אני שומע ממך (Ani shomea mimcha) – I hear from you.
• אני לומד מהשיעור (Ani lomed mehashiur) – I learn from the lesson.

עם (im)
The preposition “עם” (im) corresponds to “with” in English, signifying accompaniment or cooperation. Observe its usage in these sentences:

• אני עובד עם פרופסור (Ani oved im professor) – I work with a professor.
• הם מדברים עם חברים (Hem medabrim im chaverim) – They speak with friends.

Utilizing Prepositions with Adjectives in Hebrew Grammar

Prepositions also prove invaluable when working with adjectives in Hebrew, as they provide additional layers of meaning to descriptive words. Consider the pairings below:

על- (al-)
In combination with adjectives, “על” (al-) often expresses a comparative or superlative sense, as illustrated in these examples:

• על גבוה (al gvoha) – higher than, taller than
• על קטן (al katan) – smaller than

ב- (b-)
When preceding adjectives, “ב” (b-) conveys the manner or state in which something exists, such as:

• ברור (barur) – clear, clearly
• בטוח (b’tuach) – safe, surely

Conclusion

By understanding and harnessing the potential of prepositions in combination with verbs and adjectives in Hebrew grammar, you cultivate a richer, more nuanced command of the language. This linguistic expertise ultimately leads to clearer, more effective communication, setting the foundation for success in both personal and professional domains.