Formation of Infinitives in Azerbaijani

The infinitive form of Azerbaijani verbs is created by adding a particular suffix to the verb root or stem. This suffix typically corresponds to the English infinitive marker “to” (e.g., “to learn”). In Azerbaijani grammar, the primary infinitive suffixes are -maq and -mək, with the choice of suffix depending on vowel harmony, a prominent feature of Turkic languages. The following examples illustrate this distinction:

• Oxumaq – “to read”
• Görmək – “to see”
• Yazmaq – “to write”
• Yemək-mək – “to eat”

Usage of Infinitives in Azerbaijani Grammar

Infinitives in Azerbaijani have several critical functions:

1. Expressing Purpose and Intent

Infinitives are often used to indicate an action’s purpose or the intended result of another action. For example:

• Məktəbə oxumaq üçün gedir – “He/she goes to school to learn.”

2. Forming Compound Verb Forms

Azerbaijani infinitives combine with auxiliary verbs to create various verb forms, such as the passive voice, future tense, and conditional mood. Observe these examples:

• Passive voice: Ders oxunmaq istəyir – “The lesson wants to be read.”
• Future tense: Mən kitabı yarın almək istəyirəm – “I want to buy the book tomorrow.”
• Conditional mood: Eğer inzibatlı olsaydı, problem olmazdı – “If he/she had been disciplined, there wouldn’t have been a problem.”

3. Creating Noun Phrases

Azerbaijani infinitives can also function as nouns, expressing actions or ideas in a general sense. This use is comparable to gerunds in English.

• Oxumaq – “Reading” (as a general activity or subject)
• Görmək – “Seeing” (as an abstract concept)

Common Mistakes and Tips for Improvement

When using infinitives in Azerbaijani, learners should keep the following recommendations in mind:

1. Pay Attention to Vowel Harmony

Ensure the correct infinitive suffix is used according to vowel harmony rules, whether it is -maq or -mək.

2. Use Infinitives Correctly in Compound Verb Forms

Remember to pair infinitives with proper auxiliary verbs to form complex verb structures such as the passive voice, future tense, and conditional mood.

3. Practice and Reinforce

Lastly, regularly practice Azerbaijani verbs and their infinitive forms to solidify understanding and improve usage.

Conclusion

Infinitives serve as valuable linguistic building blocks in Azerbaijani grammar, enabling speakers to form complex sentences, express purpose, and convey various meanings. By mastering infinitives and their usage, learners will significantly enhance their Azerbaijani language skills and precision in communication.