Forms of Comparative Adjectives

There are two primary forms of comparative adjectives in the Indonesian language: lebih and kurang. Before we dive into the specific usage of these forms, it is important to understand that both can be applied to both regular adjectives and adverbial phrases.

Lebih is used to express that one item, person, or situation is “more” or “greater” than another. This often brings about comparisons where the subject of discussion is superior in some way.

Kurang, conversely, is used to show that one item, person, or situation is “less” or “inferior” than another. It highlights the shortcomings or inferiority of the subject.

Using ‘Lebih’ in Comparisons

When applying lebih in comparisons, the structure is straightforward: subject + verb + “lebih” + adjective + “dari” + object.

For example:
– “Dia lebih tinggi dari saya.” (He/she is taller than me.)

In this example, “tinggi” is the adjective being compared. We use “lebih” to indicate that the subject (Dia) possesses a greater height than the object (saya).

Using ‘Kurang’ in Comparisons

Using kurang follows the same structure as lebih: subject + verb + “kurang” + adjective + “dari” + object.

For example:
– “Kue ini kurang manis dari kue itu.” (This cake is less sweet than that cake.)

Again, we place “kurang” in front of the adjective (manis) and follow it with “dari” to show that the subject (kue ini) is being compared to the object (kue itu) in terms of its sweetness.

Irregular Comparative Adjectives

There are a few irregular comparative adjectives in Indonesian that do not require the use of lebih or kurang. These include “muda” (young), “tua” (old), “baik” (good), and “buruk” (bad). These adjectives have unique comparative forms that are expressed as follows:

– “Muda” becomes “lebih muda” (younger) or “paling muda” (youngest)
– “Tua” becomes “lebih tua” (older) or “paling tua” (oldest)
– “Baik” becomes “lebih baik” (better) or “paling baik” (best)
– “Buruk” becomes “lebih buruk” (worse) or “paling buruk” (worst)

Conclusion

Mastering the use of comparative adjectives in Indonesian grammar is crucial for clear and concise communication. By understanding the proper usage of lebih and kurang, as well as the unique forms of irregular comparative adjectives, Indonesian language learners can effectively express comparisons and distinctions between objects, people, and situations. Practice and repetition will solidify these concepts and enable you to excel in this essential aspect of Indonesian grammar.