Estonian grammar, quite intriguingly, does not feature tenses in the exact manner they exist in English. In fact, traditional Estonian grammar does not distinguish between past, present, and future tenses, focusing more on aspect and mood of action.

Despite this unique aspect, tense comparison exercises in Estonian grammar are still an important tool to understand temporal concepts. These exercises usually revolve around the present and two past tenses – the simple past (imperfective) and the perfect (past perfective).

Present tense in Estonian is used to express an action that is currently happening or a general truth. For instance, ‘Ma loen raamatut’ means ‘I am reading a book’.

The simple past or ‘lihtminevik’ expresses an action that has started and finished in the past. For example, ‘Ma lugesin raamatut’ equates to ‘I read a book’.

The perfect tense (‘perfekt’) expresses an action that was completed in the past, emphasizing the result or effect. For example, ‘Ma olen raamatut lugenud’ lined up with ‘I have read the book’.

Tense comparison exercises help students discern the subtle differences and correct usage of these time references. These exercises include sentence formation, text completion, sentence transformation, or even translation between Estonian and another language. Through these practical activities, learners become adept at conveying precise temporal meaning in Estonian.