Understanding Standard French Numbers
Before diving into the Swiss French system, let’s quickly review how numbers work in standard French. In France, numbers from 1 to 69 are straightforward. However, when you reach 70, things get a bit more complex:
- 70 is soixante-dix (literally “sixty-ten”)
- 80 is quatre-vingts (literally “four twenties”)
- 90 is quatre-vingt-dix (literally “four twenties-ten”)
This vigesimal (base-20) system can be confusing for learners, especially when adding numbers above 70, which require combining 60 or 80 with additional numbers.
How Swiss French Numbers Differ
The most significant difference in Swiss French is the use of a decimal system for numbers above 60. Instead of the vigesimal structure used in France, Swiss French adopts a more logical and regular approach, making it easier for language learners to grasp.
Swiss French Numbers: 70, 80, and 90
- 70 in Swiss French is septante instead of soixante-dix.
- 80 in Swiss French is huitante (in some cantons) or octante (rare), instead of quatre-vingts.
- 90 in Swiss French is nonante instead of quatre-vingt-dix.
This system is not only used in Switzerland but also in some regions of Belgium and Africa. However, the most consistent use is found in Swiss French, especially in everyday language and education.
Examples: Comparing Standard and Swiss French Numbers
| Number | Standard French | Swiss French |
|---|---|---|
| 70 | soixante-dix | septante |
| 71 | soixante-et-onze | septante et un |
| 80 | quatre-vingts | huitante/octante |
| 81 | quatre-vingt-un | huitante et un |
| 90 | quatre-vingt-dix | nonante |
| 91 | quatre-vingt-onze | nonante et un |
Why Do Swiss French Numbers Differ?
The main reason for these differences lies in historical linguistic development. Switzerland has always valued clarity, efficiency, and simplicity in communication. The decimal system in Swiss French numbers reflects this philosophy. By adopting septante, huitante, and nonante, Swiss French speakers avoid the mental arithmetic required with standard French numbers. This makes it easier for learners and native speakers alike, especially in educational and official contexts.
Practical Tips for Learners
- Know your audience: If you are in Switzerland or talking to Swiss French speakers, use septante, huitante, and nonante.
- Be flexible: In some Swiss regions, especially in Geneva, people may still use “quatre-vingts” for 80. Listen and adapt to the local usage.
- Practice with real-life scenarios: Use resources like Talkpal to practice Swiss French numbers through dialogues, exercises, and quizzes.
- Watch out for written materials: In official documents, Swiss French number forms are widely accepted, but in international contexts, standard French forms may appear.
Conclusion: Embrace the Diversity of French Numbers
Understanding the differences between Swiss French and standard French numbers is essential for effective communication and cultural integration. The Swiss approach simplifies counting, making it easier for both learners and locals. By mastering these distinctions, you will not only improve your French skills but also show respect for the linguistic diversity of the Francophone world. For more tips and guidance, explore the resources available on the Talkpal AI language learning blog, and take your French to the next level.
