Formation and Usage of Gerunds

A gerund is a non-finite verb form, meaning it does not indicate tense, number, or person. It acts like a verb and a noun simultaneously, enabling complex language constructs. In Nepali, gerunds are formed with the help of affixes, which are added to verb roots. The most commonly used gerund marker in Nepali is the ‘-एर’ (“-er”) suffix attached to verb roots.

For example:
– खाने (khāne) – to eat
– खाएर (khāyer) – eating (gerund verb form)

Gerunds in Nepali are versatile, serving a multitude of functions throughout the language. These include:

1. Describing a sequence of actions: In Nepali, the gerund expresses an action that immediately precedes another. This helps establish the chronological order of events.

For instance: रामले किताब पढ्दै गए (Rāmale kitāb paḍhdai gae) – Ram went while reading a book.

2. Denoting causation: When a gerund appears with माया (māyā), it implies that one action resulted from the necessity of the other.

For example: भोकलाई खाना खाएर गए (bhokalāī khānā khāyer gae) – (someone) went to eat food due to hunger.

3. Forming conjunctions: Gerunds can combine the meanings of two separate sentences by joining them in a way that demonstrates causality or sequence.

For instance: घरेर खाना बनाएर अाउ (gharer khānā banāyer āu) – go home, cook food and then come (sequence of actions).

Gerund Variations in Nepali Grammar

Although the ‘-एर’ (“-er”) suffix is the most common gerund marker in Nepali, other variations also exist. These include:

1. ‘-एगर’ (“-egar”): Used when an action requires completion before proceeding to the next.

For example: सजायेगर बाहिर निस्क (sajāyegar bāhir nisk) – dress up and then go out (first action must be completed before the next).

2. ‘-ध्यै’ (“-dhyai”): Emphasizes that an action requires an effort or a struggle.

For instance: घर खोज्दयी थकिए (ghar khojdaiī thakie) – (someone) got tired while searching for a house (emphasizes the effort involved).

Gerund Negation in Nepali

In Nepali, a gerund can be negated by adding नदेखि (nadēkhi) before the gerund verb form. This creates a negative gerund, indicating an action that does not occur.

For example:
– काम नदेखि घर गयो (kām nadēkhi ghar gayō) – (someone) went home without doing work.

Conclusion

The gerund in Nepali grammar plays a vital role in forming complex sentences and expressing intricate ideas. By understanding the formation, usage, variations and negations of gerunds in Nepali, language learners can greatly enhance their proficiency and communication capabilities within the Nepali language.