Characteristics of Azerbaijani Regular Verbs

Root and Infinitive Forms

Regular verbs in Azerbaijani consist of a root and an infinitive suffix. The root carries the core meaning, while the infinitive suffix {-maq} or {-mək}, depending on vowel harmony, indicates that the word is a verb in its infinitive form. For example, “yaz-” is the root for “write,” and “yazmaq” means “to write.”

Vowel Harmony

A key feature of Azerbaijani grammar is vowel harmony, which governs the use of vowels within a word. In Azerbaijani regular verbs, vowel harmony affects suffixes related to verb conjugation, tense, mood, and other grammatical aspects.

Conjugating Regular Verbs in Azerbaijani

Present Tense

In the present tense, Azerbaijani regular verbs are conjugated by adding an appropriate personal suffix to the verb root. Note the vowel harmony rules apply to these suffixes:

1. Men (I) – verb root + {-ır} / {-ir} / {-ur} / {-ür}
2. Sen (You, singular) – verb root + {-ırs} / {-irs} / {-urs} / {-ürs}
3. O (He, She, It) – verb root + {-ır} / {-ir} / {-ur} / {-ür}
4. Biz (We) – verb root + {-ıqr} / {-iqr} / {-uqr} / {-üqr}
5. Siz (You, plural) – verb root + {-ırs} / {-irs} / {-urs} / {-ürs}
6. Onlar (They) – verb root + {-ırlar} / {-irlər} / {-urlar} / {-ürlər}

For example, the verb “yazmaq” (to write) has the following present tense conjugation:

1. Men yazır-am (I write)
2. Sen yazır-san (You write)
3. O yazır (He/She/It writes)
4. Biz yazır-ıq (We write)
5. Siz yazır-sız (You all write)
6. Onlar yazır-lar (They write)

Past Tense

To conjugate regular verbs in the past tense, add the past tense suffix {-dı}, {-di}, {-du}, or {-dü}, again in accordance with vowel harmony rules, followed by the appropriate personal suffix:

1. Men (I) – verb root + {-dım} / {-dim} / {-dum} / {-düm}
2. Sen (You, singular) – verb root + {-dın} / {-din} / {-dun} / {-dün}
3. O (He, She, It) – verb root + {-dı} / {-di} / {-du} / {-dü}
4. Biz (We) – verb root + {-dıq} / {-diq} / {-duq} / {-düq}
5. Siz (You, plural) – verb root + {-dınız} / {-diniz} / {-dunuz} / {-dünüz}
6. Onlar (They) – verb root + {-dılar} / {-dilər} / {-dular} / {-dülər}

Example conjugation for “yazmaq” (to write) in the past tense:

1. Men yaz-dım (I wrote)
2. Sen yaz-dın (You wrote)
3. O yaz-dı (He/She/It wrote)
4. Biz yaz-dıq (We wrote)
5. Siz yaz-dınız (You all wrote)
6. Onlar yaz-dılar (They wrote)

Negation of Regular Verbs in Azerbaijani

To negate regular verbs in Azerbaijani, add the negative auxiliary verb “etmə-” with corresponding personal suffixes before the verb. For example, “Men etmədim yazmaq” means “I did not write.”

In conclusion, understanding regular verbs in Azerbaijani grammar requires familiarity with its root-infinitive structure and vowel harmony rules. With this solid foundation, conjugating regular verbs in different tenses becomes an effortless task. Keep practicing, and mastery of Azerbaijani verbs will soon be within reach.