Firstly, it’s important to grasp the fundamental meaning of “atual”. In European Portuguese, “atual” generally translates to “current” or “present” in English. It is an adjective and is used to describe something that pertains to the present time.

For instance:

• O presidente atual é muito popular. (The current president is very popular.)
• Estas são as notícias mais atuais. (These are the latest news.)

“Atual” in Comparisons

When comparing the past with the present, “atual” is frequently used to emphasize the present state or condition of something or someone. This use helps to highlight changes or continuity over time.

• A tecnologia atual é mais avançada do que há dez anos. (The current technology is more advanced than ten years ago.)
• A qualidade do serviço atual melhorou bastante. (The quality of the current service has improved a lot.)

Using “Atual” to Refer to Trends

“Atual” is also effectively used to discuss trends or what is fashionable at the moment. This can be in terms of fashion, technology, opinions, or social norms.

• Os smartphones atuais têm muitas funções novas. (Current smartphones have many new functions.)
• É muito atual usar roupas sustentáveis. (It is very trendy to wear sustainable clothes.)

“Atual” in Formal and Informal Settings

The usage of “atual” does not significantly change between formal and informal settings, but the context in which it is used might. In more formal contexts, “atual” might appear in discussions about business, politics, or academia. In informal settings, it might be used more casually to refer to everyday matters such as fashion, technology, or personal circumstances.

• Na reunião, discutimos os planos atuais da empresa. (In the meeting, we discussed the company’s current plans.)
• Meu telefone atual está quebrado, preciso comprar outro. (My current phone is broken, I need to buy another one.)

Mistakes to Avoid with “Atual”

A common mistake learners make is confusing “atual” with “atualmente,” which is an adverb meaning “currently.” While “atual” is an adjective, “atualmente” modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, not nouns.

• Errado: Eu estou trabalhando na empresa atual. (I am working at the company currently.)
• Correto: Eu estou trabalhando na empresa atualmente. (I am currently working at the company.)

Remember, “atual” should always be used to describe nouns, relating them to the present time or trend.

Conclusion

Understanding the correct usage of “atual” in various contexts can help you communicate more effectively in European Portuguese. By remembering its function as an adjective to describe the present state or trend, and distinguishing it from “atualmente,” you’ll be able to use it accurately in both written and spoken language. Keep practicing by reading Portuguese texts and listening to native speakers, paying close attention to the context in which “atual” is used. This practical approach will aid in mastering its usage and enhancing your overall proficiency in the language.