Advanced Vocabulary

As a C2-level learner, your vocabulary should encompass a wide range of topics and contexts. Here are some advanced words that will help you articulate your thoughts more precisely.

1. Загальнолюдський (Zahalnoliudskyi) – Universal

This adjective is used to describe something that pertains to all of humanity.
Example: Загальнолюдські цінності є важливими для всіх культур.
Translation: Universal values are important for all cultures.

2. Непохитний (Nepokhytnyi) – Unwavering

This word is often used to describe a firm and steadfast position or belief.
Example: Його непохитна віра допомогла йому пройти через труднощі.
Translation: His unwavering faith helped him get through difficulties.

3. Витончений (Vytonchenyi) – Sophisticated

This adjective is used to describe something that is refined and elegant.
Example: Витончений смак у мистецтві притаманний справжнім цінителям.
Translation: A sophisticated taste in art is characteristic of true connoisseurs.

4. Досконалість (Doskonalist) – Perfection

A noun used to indicate a state of being flawless or ideal.
Example: Він прагне до досконалості у всьому, що робить.
Translation: He strives for perfection in everything he does.

5. Взаємодія (Vzaemodiya) – Interaction

This noun is used to describe the action of communicating or working together.
Example: Взаємодія між командами є ключовою для успіху проекту.
Translation: Interaction between teams is key to the project’s success.

Complex Concepts and Abstract Ideas

At the C2 level, you should be able to discuss complex and abstract ideas. Here are some words that can help you articulate such concepts.

1. Ефемерний (Efemernyi) – Ephemeral

This adjective describes something that lasts for a very short time.
Example: Життя є ефемерним, тому слід цінувати кожен момент.
Translation: Life is ephemeral, so one should cherish every moment.

2. Протиріччя (Protyrichchya) – Contradiction

A noun used to describe a situation where two or more elements are in opposition.
Example: У його словах було багато протиріч.
Translation: There were many contradictions in his words.

3. Інтуїція (Intuitsiya) – Intuition

This noun describes the ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example: Вона завжди покладається на свою інтуїцію при прийнятті рішень.
Translation: She always relies on her intuition when making decisions.

4. Дилема (Dylema) – Dilemma

A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives.
Example: Він стояв перед моральною дилемою.
Translation: He faced a moral dilemma.

5. Суб’єктивність (Sub’yektyvnist) – Subjectivity

This noun describes the quality of being based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.
Example: Суб’єктивність у судженнях може впливати на справедливість.
Translation: Subjectivity in judgments can affect fairness.

Idiomatic Expressions and Phrasal Verbs

Understanding idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs is crucial at the C2 level, as they are often used in everyday conversations and literary texts.

1. Взяти себе в руки (Vzyaty sebe v ruki) – Pull oneself together

This expression means to regain self-control.
Example: Вона взяла себе в руки після невдачі.
Translation: She pulled herself together after the failure.

2. Кидати слова на вітер (Kydaty slova na viter) – To waste words

This idiom means to speak without meaning or effect.
Example: Він завжди кидає слова на вітер.
Translation: He always wastes his words.

3. Плисти за течією (Plysty za techiyeyu) – To go with the flow

This phrase means to go along with what is happening without trying to change it.
Example: Іноді краще просто плисти за течією.
Translation: Sometimes it’s better to just go with the flow.

4. Вийти сухим з води (Vyyty sukhym z vody) – To get away with it

This idiom means to escape from a situation without punishment or harm.
Example: Він завжди вміє вийти сухим з води.
Translation: He always knows how to get away with it.

5. Залишити все на волю випадку (Zalyshyty vse na volyu vypadku) – To leave everything to chance

This phrase means to allow events to unfold without trying to control them.
Example: Я вирішив залишити все на волю випадку.
Translation: I decided to leave everything to chance.

Formal and Academic Language

At the C2 level, you should be comfortable using formal and academic language, especially if you plan to use Ukrainian in professional or academic settings.

1. Аналітичний (Analitychnyi) – Analytical

This adjective is used to describe a methodical approach to problem-solving.
Example: Аналітичний підхід допомагає у вирішенні складних задач.
Translation: An analytical approach helps in solving complex problems.

2. Дисертація (Dysertatsiya) – Dissertation

A long essay on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree.
Example: Вона написала дисертацію на тему психології.
Translation: She wrote a dissertation on psychology.

3. Консенсус (Konsensus) – Consensus

General agreement among a group of people.
Example: Досягти консенсусу було нелегко.
Translation: Reaching a consensus was not easy.

4. Емпіричний (Empirichnyi) – Empirical

Based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Example: Емпіричні дані підтверджують цю гіпотезу.
Translation: Empirical data supports this hypothesis.

5. Когнітивний (Kohnityvnyi) – Cognitive

Relating to cognition, the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example: Когнітивні процеси важливі для навчання.
Translation: Cognitive processes are important for learning.

Expressing Emotions and Feelings

Being able to express emotions and feelings accurately is crucial for effective communication. Here are some advanced words to help you convey your emotions more precisely.

1. Зворушений (Zvorushenyi) – Moved

This adjective describes a state of being emotionally touched.
Example: Я був глибоко зворушений її словами.
Translation: I was deeply moved by her words.

2. Обурений (Oburenyi) – Outraged

This adjective describes a strong feeling of anger and shock.
Example: Він був обурений несправедливістю.
Translation: He was outraged by the injustice.

3. Захоплений (Zakhoplenyi) – Enthralled

This adjective describes a state of being captivated or fascinated.
Example: Всі були захоплені його розповіддю.
Translation: Everyone was enthralled by his story.

4. Втішений (Vtishenyi) – Comforted

This adjective describes a state of being consoled or reassured.
Example: Її слова втішили мене у важкий час.
Translation: Her words comforted me during a difficult time.

5. Спантеличений (Spantelychenyi) – Bewildered

This adjective describes a state of being confused and puzzled.
Example: Він був спантеличений складністю завдання.
Translation: He was bewildered by the complexity of the task.

Specialized Terminology

For those who need Ukrainian for specific fields such as medicine, law, or technology, here are some specialized terms that might be useful.

1. Інноваційний (Innovatsiinyi) – Innovative

This adjective describes something that introduces new ideas or methods.
Example: Інноваційні технології змінюють світ.
Translation: Innovative technologies are changing the world.

2. Юриспруденція (Yurysprudentsiya) – Jurisprudence

The theory or philosophy of law.
Example: Він вивчав юриспруденцію в університеті.
Translation: He studied jurisprudence at university.

3. Діагностика (Diahnostyka) – Diagnostics

The process of determining the nature of a disease or disorder.
Example: Сучасна діагностика дозволяє виявити хвороби на ранніх стадіях.
Translation: Modern diagnostics allows for the detection of diseases at early stages.

4. Алгоритм (Algorytm) – Algorithm

A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
Example: Програмісти розробили новий алгоритм для оптимізації пошуку.
Translation: The programmers developed a new algorithm for search optimization.

5. Психотерапія (Psykhoterepiya) – Psychotherapy

The treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical means.
Example: Психотерапія допомагає людям подолати емоційні проблеми.
Translation: Psychotherapy helps people overcome emotional problems.

Conclusion

Reaching the C2 level in Ukrainian is a significant milestone that reflects a deep understanding and mastery of the language. By incorporating these advanced words and expressions into your vocabulary, you will be able to communicate with greater precision and sophistication. Remember that language learning is a continuous journey, and the more you immerse yourself in the language, the more fluent and confident you will become. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find yourself thinking, dreaming, and even arguing in Ukrainian!