Common Verbs

Verbs are the backbone of any language, and having a strong grasp of them will significantly improve your ability to form coherent sentences. Here are some essential Ukrainian verbs that you should know at the B1 level:

1. **Робити (ro-by-ty)** – to do, to make
2. **Говорити (ho-vo-ry-ty)** – to speak
3. **Думати (du-ma-ty)** – to think
4. **Знати (zna-ty)** – to know
5. **Бачити (ba-chy-ty)** – to see
6. **Чути (chu-ty)** – to hear
7. **Любити (lyu-by-ty)** – to love
8. **Жити (zhy-ty)** – to live
9. **Приходити (pry-kho-dy-ty)** – to come
10. **Розуміти (ro-zu-my-ty)** – to understand

These verbs are frequently used in everyday conversations and will help you express a wide range of actions.

Examples in Sentences:

1. Я люблю робити каву вранці. (I love to make coffee in the morning.)
2. Вона говорить трьома мовами. (She speaks three languages.)
3. Ми думаємо про майбутнє. (We think about the future.)
4. Він знає багато цікавого. (He knows a lot of interesting things.)
5. Я бачу тебе завтра. (I will see you tomorrow.)

Important Nouns

Nouns are equally important as they allow you to identify people, places, things, and ideas. Here are some crucial nouns you should be familiar with:

1. **Людина (lyu-dy-na)** – person
2. **Час (chas)** – time
3. **Дім (dim)** – house, home
4. **Місто (mis-to)** – city
5. **Робота (ro-bo-ta)** – work, job
6. **Дитина (dy-ty-na)** – child
7. **День (den)** – day
8. **Ніч (nich)** – night
9. **Гроші (hro-shi)** – money
10. **Книга (kny-ha)** – book

These nouns will help you describe your surroundings and experiences more vividly and accurately.

Examples in Sentences:

1. Людина має права. (A person has rights.)
2. У мене немає часу. (I don’t have time.)
3. Вони купили новий дім. (They bought a new house.)
4. Київ – велике місто. (Kyiv is a big city.)
5. Я шукаю нову роботу. (I am looking for a new job.)

Useful Adjectives

Adjectives add color and detail to your sentences by describing nouns. Here are some essential Ukrainian adjectives:

1. **Великий (ve-ly-kyy)** – big
2. **Маленький (ma-len-kyy)** – small
3. **Гарний (har-nyy)** – beautiful, good
4. **Поганий (po-ha-nyy)** – bad
5. **Новий (no-vyy)** – new
6. **Старий (sta-ryy)** – old
7. **Дорогий (do-ro-hyy)** – expensive
8. **Дешевий (de-she-vyy)** – cheap
9. **Швидкий (shvyd-kyy)** – fast
10. **Повільний (po-vil-nyy)** – slow

These adjectives will help you provide more precise and interesting descriptions.

Examples in Sentences:

1. Це великий дім. (This is a big house.)
2. Вона має маленьку собаку. (She has a small dog.)
3. Це гарна книга. (This is a good book.)
4. Це погана ідея. (This is a bad idea.)
5. Ми купили новий автомобіль. (We bought a new car.)

Common Adverbs

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and they help you convey how, when, where, and to what extent something happens. Here are some useful adverbs in Ukrainian:

1. **Швидко (shvyd-ko)** – quickly
2. **Повільно (po-vil-no)** – slowly
3. **Завжди (zav-zhdy)** – always
4. **Ніколи (ni-ko-ly)** – never
5. **Часто (chas-to)** – often
6. **Рідко (rid-ko)** – rarely
7. **Тут (tut)** – here
8. **Там (tam)** – there
9. **Добре (do-bre)** – well
10. **Погано (po-ha-no)** – badly

These adverbs will allow you to add more detail to your actions and descriptions.

Examples in Sentences:

1. Він бігає швидко. (He runs quickly.)
2. Вона говорить повільно. (She speaks slowly.)
3. Ми завжди їдемо на море влітку. (We always go to the sea in the summer.)
4. Я ніколи не був у Парижі. (I have never been to Paris.)
5. Вони часто ходять в театр. (They often go to the theater.)

Key Prepositions

Prepositions are essential for forming phrases and sentences that show relationships between different elements. Here are some commonly used Ukrainian prepositions:

1. **В (v)** – in
2. **На (na)** – on
3. **З (z)** – with
4. **Без (bez)** – without
5. **До (do)** – to, until
6. **Після (pislya)** – after
7. **Перед (pered)** – before
8. **Під (pid)** – under
9. **Між (mizh)** – between
10. **Около (okolo)** – around

These prepositions will help you create more complex and nuanced sentences.

Examples in Sentences:

1. Я живу в Києві. (I live in Kyiv.)
2. Книга на столі. (The book is on the table.)
3. Він прийшов з другом. (He came with a friend.)
4. Вони зробили це без мене. (They did it without me.)
5. Я поїду до Львова завтра. (I will go to Lviv tomorrow.)

Conjunctions and Connectors

Conjunctions and connectors are essential for linking words, phrases, and clauses, making your speech and writing more coherent. Here are some useful ones in Ukrainian:

1. **І (i)** – and
2. **Але (ale)** – but
3. **Бо (bo)** – because
4. **Тому що (tomu shcho)** – because
5. **Коли (koly)** – when
6. **Якщо (yak-shcho)** – if
7. **Щоб (shchob)** – in order to
8. **Хоча (kho-cha)** – although
9. **Отже (ot-zhe)** – therefore
10. **Тож (tozh)** – so

These words will help you construct more complex sentences and express your ideas more clearly.

Examples in Sentences:

1. Я люблю каву і чай. (I like coffee and tea.)
2. Вона прийшла, але він не прийшов. (She came, but he did not come.)
3. Я залишився вдома, бо я був хворий. (I stayed home because I was sick.)
4. Якщо ти прийдеш, я буду радий. (If you come, I will be happy.)
5. Я вчу українську, щоб подорожувати. (I am learning Ukrainian in order to travel.)

Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are essential for referring to people and things without constantly repeating their names. Here are some fundamental Ukrainian pronouns:

1. **Я (ya)** – I
2. **Ти (ty)** – you (singular, informal)
3. **Він (vin)** – he
4. **Вона (vona)** – she
5. **Ми (my)** – we
6. **Ви (vy)** – you (plural or formal)
7. **Вони (vony)** – they
8. **Це (tse)** – it, this
9. **Той (toy)** – that
10. **Що (shcho)** – what

These pronouns are essential for everyday communication and will help you avoid redundancy in your speech and writing.

Examples in Sentences:

1. Я люблю музику. (I love music.)
2. Ти вчишся в школі. (You study at school.)
3. Він працює в офісі. (He works in an office.)
4. Вона читає книгу. (She is reading a book.)
5. Ми живемо в Україні. (We live in Ukraine.)

Practice Tips

1. **Flashcards**: Create flashcards for these words and practice them daily. You can use physical flashcards or apps like Anki.
2. **Contextual Learning**: Try to use these words in sentences and conversations. Contextual learning helps in retaining vocabulary better.
3. **Reading**: Read Ukrainian books, newspapers, or websites. Highlight these words when you come across them and try to understand their usage.
4. **Writing**: Write short essays or diary entries using these words. This will help you practice their spelling and usage.
5. **Listening**: Listen to Ukrainian music, podcasts, or watch movies. Pay attention to how these words are used in different contexts.

Expanding your vocabulary is a continuous process, and the more you practice, the more natural it will become to use these words in your daily conversations. Remember, consistency is key. Keep practicing, and soon you’ll find yourself more fluent and confident in your Ukrainian language skills. Happy learning!