Common Verbs

Verbs are the backbone of any language. At the B1 level, you will need to know a variety of verbs to express actions, states, and occurrences. Here are some essential Turkish verbs:

– **Başlamak** (to start): “Ders çalışmaya başlamak zorundayım.” (I need to start studying.)
– **Bitirmek** (to finish): “Kitabı bitirdim.” (I finished the book.)
– **Anlamak** (to understand): “Bu konuyu anlamak zor.” (It is difficult to understand this topic.)
– **Anlatmak** (to explain): “Öğretmen konuyu çok iyi anlattı.” (The teacher explained the topic very well.)
– **Çalışmak** (to work/study): “Bu hafta çok çalışmam gerekiyor.” (I need to work a lot this week.)
– **Düşünmek** (to think): “Bu konu hakkında ne düşünüyorsun?” (What do you think about this topic?)
– **İstemek** (to want): “Bir kahve ister misin?” (Do you want a coffee?)
– **Yapmak** (to do/make): “Ödevimi yapmak zorundayım.” (I have to do my homework.)
– **Gitmek** (to go): “Yarın İstanbul’a gideceğim.” (I will go to Istanbul tomorrow.)
– **Gelmek** (to come): “Arkadaşım bu akşam gelecek.” (My friend will come tonight.)

Adjectives

Adjectives are essential for describing people, places, and things. Here are some important adjectives for the B1 level:

– **Güzel** (beautiful): “Bu şehir çok güzel.” (This city is very beautiful.)
– **Kötü** (bad): “Film çok kötüydü.” (The movie was very bad.)
– **Büyük** (big): “Bu ev çok büyük.” (This house is very big.)
– **Küçük** (small): “Küçük bir köyde yaşıyorlar.” (They live in a small village.)
– **Kolay** (easy): “Bu soru çok kolay.” (This question is very easy.)
– **Zor** (difficult): “Türkçe öğrenmek zor mu?” (Is learning Turkish difficult?)
– **Hızlı** (fast): “O çok hızlı koşuyor.” (He/She runs very fast.)
– **Yavaş** (slow): “İnternet bağlantısı çok yavaş.” (The internet connection is very slow.)
– **Yeni** (new): “Yeni bir araba aldım.” (I bought a new car.)
– **Eski** (old): “Bu kitap çok eski.” (This book is very old.)

Nouns

Nouns are crucial for building your vocabulary and expressing a wide range of ideas. Here are some important nouns for the B1 level:

– **Arkadaş** (friend): “En iyi arkadaşım Ali.” (My best friend is Ali.)
– **Aile** (family): “Ailemle vakit geçirmeyi seviyorum.” (I love spending time with my family.)
– **Şehir** (city): “Ankara Türkiye’nin başkentidir.” (Ankara is the capital of Turkey.)
– **Köy** (village): “Köyde yaşamayı seviyorum.” (I like living in the village.)
– **Ev** (house): “Yeni bir ev aldık.” (We bought a new house.)
– **Araba** (car): “Arabam tamirde.” (My car is in the repair shop.)
– **İş** (work/job): “Yeni bir iş buldum.” (I found a new job.)
– **Okul** (school): “Okula gitmem gerekiyor.” (I need to go to school.)
– **Yemek** (food/meal): “Türk yemeklerini seviyorum.” (I love Turkish food.)
– **Tatlı** (dessert): “Tatlı olarak baklava yedik.” (We had baklava for dessert.)

Prepositions

Prepositions are small but mighty words that help you describe the relationships between different elements in a sentence. Here are some common Turkish prepositions:

– **İçin** (for): “Bu hediye senin için.” (This gift is for you.)
– **İle** (with): “Arkadaşımla sinemaya gittim.” (I went to the cinema with my friend.)
– **Gibi** (like/as): “O bir öğretmen gibi konuşuyor.” (He/She talks like a teacher.)
– **Önce** (before): “Yemekten önce ellerimizi yıkamalıyız.” (We should wash our hands before eating.)
– **Sonra** (after): “Okuldan sonra parkta buluşalım.” (Let’s meet in the park after school.)
– **Üzerinde** (on/over): “Kitap masanın üzerinde.” (The book is on the table.)
– **Altında** (under): “Kedi masanın altında.” (The cat is under the table.)
– **Yanında** (next to): “Kütüphane okulun yanında.” (The library is next to the school.)
– **Arasında** (between): “Evimiz iki parkın arasında.” (Our house is between two parks.)
– **Karşısında** (opposite): “Banka postanenin karşısında.” (The bank is opposite the post office.)

Adverbs

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, providing more detail about how, when, where, or to what extent something happens. Here are some useful adverbs for the B1 level:

– **Çok** (very): “Bu yemek çok lezzetli.” (This food is very delicious.)
– **Az** (a little): “Biraz az konuşur musun?” (Can you speak a little less?)
– **Hızlıca** (quickly): “Hızlıca evden çıktım.” (I quickly left the house.)
– **Yavaşça** (slowly): “Lütfen yavaşça konuş.” (Please speak slowly.)
– **Genellikle** (usually): “Genellikle sabahları yürüyüş yaparım.” (I usually go for a walk in the mornings.)
– **Bazen** (sometimes): “Bazen sinemaya giderim.” (I sometimes go to the cinema.)
– **Her zaman** (always): “Her zaman erken kalkarım.” (I always wake up early.)
– **Hiç** (never): “Hiç sigara içmem.” (I never smoke.)
– **Daha** (more): “Daha fazla bilgiye ihtiyacım var.” (I need more information.)
– **Az** (less): “Az konuş, çok dinle.” (Speak less, listen more.)

Expressions and Phrases

At the B1 level, knowing some common expressions and phrases can greatly enhance your fluency. Here are a few that you might find useful:

– **Merhaba, nasılsın?** (Hello, how are you?): A common greeting to start a conversation.
– **Teşekkür ederim.** (Thank you.): A polite way to express gratitude.
– **Bir şey değil.** (You’re welcome.): A response to “thank you.”
– **Özür dilerim.** (I’m sorry.): An apology for a mistake or misunderstanding.
– **Lütfen.** (Please.): Used to make a request more polite.
– **Afiyet olsun.** (Enjoy your meal.): Said before or during a meal.
– **Kolay gelsin.** (May it be easy for you.): A phrase offering encouragement for someone who is working.
– **Geçmiş olsun.** (Get well soon.): A wish for someone who is sick or recovering.
– **İyi şanslar.** (Good luck.): A phrase to wish someone success.
– **Görüşürüz.** (See you.): A casual way to say goodbye.

Numbers and Time

Understanding numbers and how to tell time is essential for everyday conversations. Here are some important words and phrases related to numbers and time:

– **Sıfır** (zero)
– **Bir** (one)
– **İki** (two)
– **Üç** (three)
– **Dört** (four)
– **Beş** (five)
– **Altı** (six)
– **Yedi** (seven)
– **Sekiz** (eight)
– **Dokuz** (nine)
– **On** (ten)

For time:
– **Saat kaç?** (What time is it?)
– **Saat üç.** (It is three o’clock.)
– **Sabah** (morning)
– **Öğlen** (noon)
– **Akşam** (evening)
– **Gece** (night)
– **Dakika** (minute)
– **Saat** (hour)
– **Gün** (day)
– **Hafta** (week)
– **Ay** (month)
– **Yıl** (year)

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are essential for connecting sentences and ideas. Here are some common conjunctions in Turkish:

– **Ve** (and): “Annem ve babam evde.” (My mom and dad are at home.)
– **Ama** (but): “Hava soğuk ama güneşli.” (The weather is cold but sunny.)
– **Çünkü** (because): “Yorgunum çünkü çok çalıştım.” (I am tired because I worked a lot.)
– **Fakat** (however): “Çalışmak istiyorum fakat iş bulamıyorum.” (I want to work; however, I can’t find a job.)
– **Ya da** (or): “Çay ya da kahve ister misin?” (Would you like tea or coffee?)
– **Eğer** (if): “Eğer hava güzel olursa, dışarı çıkarız.” (If the weather is nice, we will go out.)
– **Çünkü** (since/as): “Çünkü geç kaldım, özür dilerim.” (Since I am late, I apologize.)
– **Dolayısıyla** (therefore): “Hava yağmurlu, dolayısıyla evde kalacağız.” (The weather is rainy; therefore, we will stay at home.)
– **Ancak** (however): “Proje zor, ancak bitirebilirim.” (The project is difficult; however, I can finish it.)
– **İle** (with): “Kitap ile defterimi aldım.” (I took my book and notebook.)

Colors

Knowing colors is important for describing things around you. Here are some basic colors in Turkish:

– **Kırmızı** (red)
– **Mavi** (blue)
– **Yeşil** (green)
– **Sarı** (yellow)
– **Beyaz** (white)
– **Siyah** (black)
– **Gri** (gray)
– **Pembe** (pink)
– **Mor** (purple)
– **Kahverengi** (brown)

Days of the Week

Understanding the days of the week is essential for making plans and discussing routines. Here are the days of the week in Turkish:

– **Pazartesi** (Monday)
– **Salı** (Tuesday)
– **Çarşamba** (Wednesday)
– **Perşembe** (Thursday)
– **Cuma** (Friday)
– **Cumartesi** (Saturday)
– **Pazar** (Sunday)

Months of the Year

Knowing the months of the year helps in discussing dates and making future plans. Here are the months in Turkish:

– **Ocak** (January)
– **Şubat** (February)
– **Mart** (March)
– **Nisan** (April)
– **Mayıs** (May)
– **Haziran** (June)
– **Temmuz** (July)
– **Ağustos** (August)
– **Eylül** (September)
– **Ekim** (October)
– **Kasım** (November)
– **Aralık** (December)

Weather Terms

Discussing the weather is a common topic in everyday conversations. Here are some weather-related terms:

– **Güneşli** (sunny): “Bugün hava güneşli.” (Today the weather is sunny.)
– **Yağmurlu** (rainy): “Yarın yağmurlu olacak.” (It will be rainy tomorrow.)
– **Karlı** (snowy): “Dağlar karlı.” (The mountains are snowy.)
– **Rüzgarlı** (windy): “Rüzgarlı bir gün.” (A windy day.)
– **Bulutlu** (cloudy): “Gökyüzü bulutlu.” (The sky is cloudy.)
– **Sıcak** (hot): “Yazın hava çok sıcak.” (The weather is very hot in summer.)
– **Soğuk** (cold): “Kışın hava soğuk.” (The weather is cold in winter.)
– **Nemli** (humid): “Nemli bir gün.” (A humid day.)
– **Sisli** (foggy): “Sabahları sisli oluyor.” (It is foggy in the mornings.)

Common Questions

At the B1 level, you should be able to ask and understand a variety of questions. Here are some common questions:

– **Nasılsın?** (How are you?): Used to inquire about someone’s well-being.
– **Ne yapıyorsun?** (What are you doing?): To ask about someone’s current activity.
– **Ne zaman?** (When?): To ask about the timing of an event.
– **Neden?** (Why?): To inquire about the reason for something.
– **Kim?** (Who?): To ask about a person.
– **Nerede?** (Where?): To ask about a location.
– **Hangi?** (Which?): To ask about a specific choice among options.
– **Kaç?** (How many/how much?): To inquire about quantity or price.

Conclusion

Expanding your vocabulary is an essential part of advancing to the B1 level in Turkish. The words and phrases listed in this article are fundamental for everyday conversations and will help you communicate more effectively. Practice using them in sentences, and try to incorporate them into your daily interactions. Remember, language learning is a gradual process, and consistency is key. Good luck on your journey to mastering Turkish!