Everyday Vocabulary
One of the most important aspects of language learning is mastering the vocabulary you’ll use in daily life. Here are some essential words and phrases:
1. Comida (Food)
– Desayuno: breakfast
– Almuerzo: lunch
– Cena: dinner
– Aperitivo: snack
– Bebida: drink
2. Transporte (Transport)
– Coche: car
– Autobús: bus
– Tren: train
– Avión: airplane
– Bicicleta: bicycle
3. Tiempo (Time)
– Hora: hour
– Minuto: minute
– Segundo: second
– Día: day
– Semana: week
4. Salud (Health)
– Médico: doctor
– Enfermera: nurse
– Medicina: medicine
– Hospital: hospital
– Clínica: clinic
Descriptive Words
Adjectives and adverbs help you describe the world around you more vividly. Here are some key descriptive words:
1. Colores (Colors)
– Rojo: red
– Azul: blue
– Verde: green
– Amarillo: yellow
– Negro: black
2. Tamaño (Size)
– Grande: big
– Pequeño: small
– Alto: tall
– Bajo: short
– Ancho: wide
3. Temperatura (Temperature)
– Caliente: hot
– Frío: cold
– Tibio: warm
– Fresco: cool
4. Estado (State)
– Contento: happy
– Triste: sad
– Enojado: angry
– Cansado: tired
– Nervioso: nervous
Verbs
Knowing a wide range of verbs is crucial for constructing sentences and expressing actions. Here are some essential verbs for B1 level:
1. Acciones Cotidianas (Everyday Actions)
– Comer: to eat
– Beber: to drink
– Dormir: to sleep
– Trabajar: to work
– Estudiar: to study
2. Movimientos (Movements)
– Caminar: to walk
– Correr: to run
– Saltar: to jump
– Nadar: to swim
– Volar: to fly
3. Estados y Sentimientos (States and Feelings)
– Estar: to be (temporary)
– Ser: to be (permanent)
– Tener: to have
– Sentir: to feel
– Gustar: to like
Prepositions and Conjunctions
Prepositions and conjunctions help you connect words and phrases, making your sentences more coherent. Here are some you should know:
1. Preposiciones (Prepositions)
– En: in, on
– A: to, at
– De: of, from
– Con: with
– Sin: without
2. Conjunciones (Conjunctions)
– Y: and
– O: or
– Pero: but
– Porque: because
– Aunque: although
Pronouns
Pronouns are essential for avoiding repetition and making your speech more fluid. Here are the key pronouns you should be familiar with:
1. Pronombres Personales (Personal Pronouns)
– Yo: I
– Tú: you (informal)
– Él/Ella/Usted: he/she/you (formal)
– Nosotros/Nosotras: we
– Vosotros/Vosotras: you all (informal)
– Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes: they/you all (formal)
2. Pronombres Posesivos (Possessive Pronouns)
– Mi: my
– Tu: your (informal)
– Su: his/her/your (formal)
– Nuestro/Nuestra: our
– Vuestro/Vuestra: your (informal, plural)
– Su: their/your (formal, plural)
Common Expressions
Learning common expressions can help you sound more natural and fluent. Here are some to get you started:
1. Saludos y Despedidas (Greetings and Farewells)
– Hola: hello
– Buenos días: good morning
– Buenas tardes: good afternoon
– Buenas noches: good night
– Adiós: goodbye
2. Expresiones de Cortesía (Courtesy Expressions)
– Por favor: please
– Gracias: thank you
– De nada: you’re welcome
– Lo siento: I’m sorry
– Disculpa: excuse me
3. Frases Comunes (Common Phrases)
– ¿Cómo estás?: How are you?
– Estoy bien, gracias: I’m fine, thank you
– ¿Cuánto cuesta?: How much does it cost?
– ¿Dónde está el baño?: Where is the bathroom?
– No entiendo: I don’t understand
Numbers and Quantities
Understanding numbers and quantities is crucial for everyday tasks like shopping, telling time, and more. Here are some key numbers and related words:
1. Números Básicos (Basic Numbers)
– Uno: one
– Dos: two
– Tres: three
– Cuatro: four
– Cinco: five
2. Números Grandes (Larger Numbers)
– Diez: ten
– Veinte: twenty
– Cincuenta: fifty
– Cien: hundred
– Mil: thousand
3. Cantidades (Quantities)
– Mucho: a lot
– Poco: a little
– Todo: all
– Nada: nothing
– Algunos: some
Time and Dates
Being able to discuss time and dates is essential for making plans and understanding schedules. Here are some important words:
1. Días de la Semana (Days of the Week)
– Lunes: Monday
– Martes: Tuesday
– Miércoles: Wednesday
– Jueves: Thursday
– Viernes: Friday
– Sábado: Saturday
– Domingo: Sunday
2. Meses del Año (Months of the Year)
– Enero: January
– Febrero: February
– Marzo: March
– Abril: April
– Mayo: May
– Junio: June
– Julio: July
– Agosto: August
– Septiembre: September
– Octubre: October
– Noviembre: November
– Diciembre: December
3. Expresiones de Tiempo (Time Expressions)
– Hoy: today
– Mañana: tomorrow
– Ayer: yesterday
– Ahora: now
– Luego: later
Family and Relationships
Discussing family and relationships is a common topic in conversations. Here are some relevant words:
1. Miembros de la Familia (Family Members)
– Padre: father
– Madre: mother
– Hermano: brother
– Hermana: sister
– Hijo/Hija: son/daughter
2. Relaciones Personales (Personal Relationships)
– Amigo/Amiga: friend
– Novio/Novia: boyfriend/girlfriend
– Esposo/Esposa: husband/wife
– Compañero/Compañera: partner
– Vecino/Vecina: neighbor
Work and Education
Being able to discuss your work or studies is crucial in various settings. Here are some important words:
1. Trabajo (Work)
– Oficina: office
– Jefe/Jefa: boss
– Empleado/Empleada: employee
– Reunión: meeting
– Proyecto: project
2. Educación (Education)
– Escuela: school
– Universidad: university
– Profesor/Profesora: teacher
– Estudiante: student
– Examen: exam
Shopping and Money
Shopping and managing money are vital skills in any language. Here are some key terms:
1. Compras (Shopping)
– Tienda: store
– Mercado: market
– Centro comercial: shopping mall
– Vendedor/Vendedora: salesperson
– Cliente: customer
2. Dinero (Money)
– Precio: price
– Efectivo: cash
– Tarjeta de crédito: credit card
– Billete: bill
– Moneda: coin
Travel and Tourism
If you’re planning to travel to a Spanish-speaking country, these words will come in handy:
1. Alojamiento (Accommodation)
– Hotel: hotel
– Hostal: hostel
– Habitación: room
– Recepción: reception
– Reserva: reservation
2. Sitios Turísticos (Tourist Sites)
– Museo: museum
– Playa: beach
– Parque: park
– Monumento: monument
– Catedral: cathedral
Technology and Communication
In today’s digital age, knowing technology-related vocabulary is essential. Here are some important terms:
1. Tecnología (Technology)
– Ordenador: computer
– Teléfono: phone
– Internet: internet
– Correo electrónico: email
– Redes sociales: social networks
2. Comunicación (Communication)
– Mensaje: message
– Llamada: call
– Chat: chat
– Videollamada: video call
– Conexión: connection
Nature and Environment
Being able to talk about nature and the environment is important for various conversations. Here are some key words:
1. Naturaleza (Nature)
– Árbol: tree
– Flor: flower
– Montaña: mountain
– Río: river
– Bosque: forest
2. Medio Ambiente (Environment)
– Contaminación: pollution
– Reciclaje: recycling
– Energía: energy
– Cambio climático: climate change
– Conservación: conservation
Conclusion
Reaching the B1 level in Spanish is a significant achievement, but it’s just the beginning of your language learning journey. By expanding your vocabulary with these essential words and phrases, you’ll be better equipped to handle a wide range of situations, from everyday conversations to more complex discussions.
Remember, practice makes perfect. Try to incorporate these words into your daily conversations and writing. The more you use them, the more natural they will become. ¡Buena suerte! (Good luck!)
