Everyday Vocabulary

One of the most important aspects of language learning is mastering the vocabulary you’ll use in daily life. Here are some essential words and phrases:

1. **Comida** (Food)
– **Desayuno**: breakfast
– **Almuerzo**: lunch
– **Cena**: dinner
– **Aperitivo**: snack
– **Bebida**: drink

2. **Transporte** (Transport)
– **Coche**: car
– **Autobús**: bus
– **Tren**: train
– **Avión**: airplane
– **Bicicleta**: bicycle

3. **Tiempo** (Time)
– **Hora**: hour
– **Minuto**: minute
– **Segundo**: second
– **Día**: day
– **Semana**: week

4. **Salud** (Health)
– **Médico**: doctor
– **Enfermera**: nurse
– **Medicina**: medicine
– **Hospital**: hospital
– **Clínica**: clinic

Descriptive Words

Adjectives and adverbs help you describe the world around you more vividly. Here are some key descriptive words:

1. **Colores** (Colors)
– **Rojo**: red
– **Azul**: blue
– **Verde**: green
– **Amarillo**: yellow
– **Negro**: black

2. **Tamaño** (Size)
– **Grande**: big
– **Pequeño**: small
– **Alto**: tall
– **Bajo**: short
– **Ancho**: wide

3. **Temperatura** (Temperature)
– **Caliente**: hot
– **Frío**: cold
– **Tibio**: warm
– **Fresco**: cool

4. **Estado** (State)
– **Contento**: happy
– **Triste**: sad
– **Enojado**: angry
– **Cansado**: tired
– **Nervioso**: nervous

Verbs

Knowing a wide range of verbs is crucial for constructing sentences and expressing actions. Here are some essential verbs for B1 level:

1. **Acciones Cotidianas** (Everyday Actions)
– **Comer**: to eat
– **Beber**: to drink
– **Dormir**: to sleep
– **Trabajar**: to work
– **Estudiar**: to study

2. **Movimientos** (Movements)
– **Caminar**: to walk
– **Correr**: to run
– **Saltar**: to jump
– **Nadar**: to swim
– **Volar**: to fly

3. **Estados y Sentimientos** (States and Feelings)
– **Estar**: to be (temporary)
– **Ser**: to be (permanent)
– **Tener**: to have
– **Sentir**: to feel
– **Gustar**: to like

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Prepositions and conjunctions help you connect words and phrases, making your sentences more coherent. Here are some you should know:

1. **Preposiciones** (Prepositions)
– **En**: in, on
– **A**: to, at
– **De**: of, from
– **Con**: with
– **Sin**: without

2. **Conjunciones** (Conjunctions)
– **Y**: and
– **O**: or
– **Pero**: but
– **Porque**: because
– **Aunque**: although

Pronouns

Pronouns are essential for avoiding repetition and making your speech more fluid. Here are the key pronouns you should be familiar with:

1. **Pronombres Personales** (Personal Pronouns)
– **Yo**: I
– **Tú**: you (informal)
– **Él/Ella/Usted**: he/she/you (formal)
– **Nosotros/Nosotras**: we
– **Vosotros/Vosotras**: you all (informal)
– **Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes**: they/you all (formal)

2. **Pronombres Posesivos** (Possessive Pronouns)
– **Mi**: my
– **Tu**: your (informal)
– **Su**: his/her/your (formal)
– **Nuestro/Nuestra**: our
– **Vuestro/Vuestra**: your (informal, plural)
– **Su**: their/your (formal, plural)

Common Expressions

Learning common expressions can help you sound more natural and fluent. Here are some to get you started:

1. **Saludos y Despedidas** (Greetings and Farewells)
– **Hola**: hello
– **Buenos días**: good morning
– **Buenas tardes**: good afternoon
– **Buenas noches**: good night
– **Adiós**: goodbye

2. **Expresiones de Cortesía** (Courtesy Expressions)
– **Por favor**: please
– **Gracias**: thank you
– **De nada**: you’re welcome
– **Lo siento**: I’m sorry
– **Disculpa**: excuse me

3. **Frases Comunes** (Common Phrases)
– **¿Cómo estás?**: How are you?
– **Estoy bien, gracias**: I’m fine, thank you
– **¿Cuánto cuesta?**: How much does it cost?
– **¿Dónde está el baño?**: Where is the bathroom?
– **No entiendo**: I don’t understand

Numbers and Quantities

Understanding numbers and quantities is crucial for everyday tasks like shopping, telling time, and more. Here are some key numbers and related words:

1. **Números Básicos** (Basic Numbers)
– **Uno**: one
– **Dos**: two
– **Tres**: three
– **Cuatro**: four
– **Cinco**: five

2. **Números Grandes** (Larger Numbers)
– **Diez**: ten
– **Veinte**: twenty
– **Cincuenta**: fifty
– **Cien**: hundred
– **Mil**: thousand

3. **Cantidades** (Quantities)
– **Mucho**: a lot
– **Poco**: a little
– **Todo**: all
– **Nada**: nothing
– **Algunos**: some

Time and Dates

Being able to discuss time and dates is essential for making plans and understanding schedules. Here are some important words:

1. **Días de la Semana** (Days of the Week)
– **Lunes**: Monday
– **Martes**: Tuesday
– **Miércoles**: Wednesday
– **Jueves**: Thursday
– **Viernes**: Friday
– **Sábado**: Saturday
– **Domingo**: Sunday

2. **Meses del Año** (Months of the Year)
– **Enero**: January
– **Febrero**: February
– **Marzo**: March
– **Abril**: April
– **Mayo**: May
– **Junio**: June
– **Julio**: July
– **Agosto**: August
– **Septiembre**: September
– **Octubre**: October
– **Noviembre**: November
– **Diciembre**: December

3. **Expresiones de Tiempo** (Time Expressions)
– **Hoy**: today
– **Mañana**: tomorrow
– **Ayer**: yesterday
– **Ahora**: now
– **Luego**: later

Family and Relationships

Discussing family and relationships is a common topic in conversations. Here are some relevant words:

1. **Miembros de la Familia** (Family Members)
– **Padre**: father
– **Madre**: mother
– **Hermano**: brother
– **Hermana**: sister
– **Hijo/Hija**: son/daughter

2. **Relaciones Personales** (Personal Relationships)
– **Amigo/Amiga**: friend
– **Novio/Novia**: boyfriend/girlfriend
– **Esposo/Esposa**: husband/wife
– **Compañero/Compañera**: partner
– **Vecino/Vecina**: neighbor

Work and Education

Being able to discuss your work or studies is crucial in various settings. Here are some important words:

1. **Trabajo** (Work)
– **Oficina**: office
– **Jefe/Jefa**: boss
– **Empleado/Empleada**: employee
– **Reunión**: meeting
– **Proyecto**: project

2. **Educación** (Education)
– **Escuela**: school
– **Universidad**: university
– **Profesor/Profesora**: teacher
– **Estudiante**: student
– **Examen**: exam

Shopping and Money

Shopping and managing money are vital skills in any language. Here are some key terms:

1. **Compras** (Shopping)
– **Tienda**: store
– **Mercado**: market
– **Centro comercial**: shopping mall
– **Vendedor/Vendedora**: salesperson
– **Cliente**: customer

2. **Dinero** (Money)
– **Precio**: price
– **Efectivo**: cash
– **Tarjeta de crédito**: credit card
– **Billete**: bill
– **Moneda**: coin

Travel and Tourism

If you’re planning to travel to a Spanish-speaking country, these words will come in handy:

1. **Alojamiento** (Accommodation)
– **Hotel**: hotel
– **Hostal**: hostel
– **Habitación**: room
– **Recepción**: reception
– **Reserva**: reservation

2. **Sitios Turísticos** (Tourist Sites)
– **Museo**: museum
– **Playa**: beach
– **Parque**: park
– **Monumento**: monument
– **Catedral**: cathedral

Technology and Communication

In today’s digital age, knowing technology-related vocabulary is essential. Here are some important terms:

1. **Tecnología** (Technology)
– **Ordenador**: computer
– **Teléfono**: phone
– **Internet**: internet
– **Correo electrónico**: email
– **Redes sociales**: social networks

2. **Comunicación** (Communication)
– **Mensaje**: message
– **Llamada**: call
– **Chat**: chat
– **Videollamada**: video call
– **Conexión**: connection

Nature and Environment

Being able to talk about nature and the environment is important for various conversations. Here are some key words:

1. **Naturaleza** (Nature)
– **Árbol**: tree
– **Flor**: flower
– **Montaña**: mountain
– **Río**: river
– **Bosque**: forest

2. **Medio Ambiente** (Environment)
– **Contaminación**: pollution
– **Reciclaje**: recycling
– **Energía**: energy
– **Cambio climático**: climate change
– **Conservación**: conservation

Conclusion

Reaching the B1 level in Spanish is a significant achievement, but it’s just the beginning of your language learning journey. By expanding your vocabulary with these essential words and phrases, you’ll be better equipped to handle a wide range of situations, from everyday conversations to more complex discussions.

Remember, practice makes perfect. Try to incorporate these words into your daily conversations and writing. The more you use them, the more natural they will become. ¡Buena suerte! (Good luck!)