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Legal and Law-Related Czech Vocabulary

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Learning a new language opens up a world of opportunities, and if you’re interested in law or navigating legal systems in a different country, acquiring specialized vocabulary is essential. Below is a list of legal and law-related Czech vocabulary that will help you get accustomed to the legal language used in the Czech Republic.

Zákon
The term Zákon translates to “law” in English. It is used to refer to a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.

V České republice byl přijat nový zákon o spotřebitelských úvěrech.

Advokát
An Advokát is a lawyer or an attorney, an individual who practices law and provides legal representation to clients.

Jsem si jistý, že náš advokát je velmi zkušený a pomůže nám vyhrát případ.

Soud
The word Soud means “court” and it is the place where legal cases are heard and adjudicated.

Obviněný byl předveden před soud a čelí obvinění z krádeže.

Zákoník práce
Zákoník práce translates to “labor code” or “code of labor laws,” which comprises the laws that regulate employment relationships and labor conditions.

Podle zákoníku práce máme nárok na pět týdnů dovolené.

Soudce
A Soudce is a judge, an official of the judicial branch with authority to decide lawsuits brought before courts.

Všichni v soudní síni vstali, když soudce vstoupil do místnosti.

Žaloba
The term Žaloba is used for “lawsuit” or “legal action.” It is an action taken by a plaintiff to enforce a right or claim.

Společnost podala žalobu proti bývalému zaměstnanci za porušení smlouvy.

Obhájce
An Obhájce is a “defense attorney,” a lawyer specializing in the defense of individuals and companies charged with criminal activity.

Na doporučení přítele jsem si najal velmi schopného obhájce.

Právo
Simply put, Právo means “right” or “law” and refers to the legal system or to legal norms and principles.

Každý má podle práva nárok na spravedlivý soudní proces.

Znalec
A Znalec is an “expert” or “expert witness,” someone with specialized knowledge relevant to a particular case, who is brought into court to testify.

Soud povolal znalce, aby poskytl svědectví o technických aspektech případu.

Trestní právo
Trestní právo, or “criminal law,” is the body of law that pertains to crime and the punishment of those who violate laws.

Studuje na univerzitě a specializuje se na trestní právo.

Obžaloba
The Obžaloba refers to “prosecution” or the “charge” in a criminal case, representing the way in which formal accusations are brought.

Obžaloba tvrdí, že obviněný spáchal trestný čin z nedbalosti.

Občanské právo
Občanské právo, meaning “civil law,” is the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals or organizations that do not involve criminal sanctions.

V rámci občanského práva je důležité pochopit principy smluv a odpovědnost za škody.

Právník
A Právník is a “lawyer” or “legal counselor,” a professional who is qualified to offer advice about the law or represent clients in legal matters.

Máme schůzku s právníkem, abychom projednali podmínky dědictví.

Vyšetřování
Vyšetřování signifies the process of “investigation,” looking into something thoroughly in order to gather facts, especially for a legal purpose.

Policie zahájila vyšetřování podezřelých finančních transakcí.

Immersing yourselves in the legal vocabulary of a language not only enables you to engage more deeply with legal topics but also enhances your overall proficiency. Whether you are a budding lawyer, a language enthusiast, or simply curious about the law in the Czech Republic, knowing these terms will give you a solid foundation in the legal aspect of the Czech language.

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