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German Terms for Legal and Law-Related Matters

Understanding legal jargon can be quite formidable, especially when dealing with a foreign language. For English speakers learning German, mastering terms pertaining to law and legal matters is essential for both professional and personal interactions. Here are some key German legal terms and phrases, complete with definitions and example sentences to aid in comprehension.

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Rechtsanwalt/Rechtsanwältin
A “Rechtsanwalt” (male) or “Rechtsanwältin” (female) is an attorney or lawyer, a professional authorized to represent clients in legal matters.
Ich habe einen Termin bei meinem Rechtsanwalt, um mein Testament zu besprechen.

Gesetz
“Gesetz” refers to a law or statute — a legal rule created by a governing authority.
Das neue Gesetz tritt am ersten Juli in Kraft.

Vertrag
A “Vertrag” is a contract or agreement between parties, which is legally binding.
Bevor du den Vertrag unterschreibst, solltest du alle Klauseln genau lesen.

Anklage
“Anklage” means accusation or charge, typically referring to an official statement that someone has committed a crime.
Der Angeklagte erklärte sich in Bezug auf die Anklage für unschuldig.

Urteil
“Urteil” indicates a judgment or decision made by a court.
Das Urteil wird nächsten Montag vom Richter verkündet.

Zeuge/Zeugin
A “Zeuge” (male) or “Zeugin” (female) refers to a witness — someone who gives evidence in a court.
Die Zeugin wurde gefragt, ob sie den Angeklagten am Tatort gesehen hat.

Klage
“Klage” is a legal term for a lawsuit or a complaint filed in a court against a defendant.
Die Klage wurde wegen mangelnder Beweise abgewiesen.

Strafrecht
“Strafrecht” pertains to criminal law, the branch of law relating to crime and punishment.
Er spezialisiert sich auf Strafrecht und vertritt hauptsächlich Straftäter.

Zivilrecht
In contrast, “Zivilrecht” relates to civil law, which deals with disputes between individuals or organizations.
Das Zivilrecht befasst sich unter anderem mit Vertragsstreitigkeiten und Schadensersatzansprüchen.

Schuldig
“Schuldig” means guilty. It is the declaration that someone has committed the offense they were charged with.
Der Angeklagte wurde des Diebstahls für schuldig befunden.

Unschuldig
Conversely, “unschuldig” means innocent or not guilty.
Trotz der schweren Vorwürfe wurde die Angeklagte für unschuldig erklärt.

Gericht
“Gericht” denotes a court, a place where legal matters are adjudicated.
Die Verhandlung findet nächste Woche im örtlichen Gericht statt.

Vollmacht
“Vollmacht” is a power of attorney, a legal authorization to represent or act on another’s behalf in legal or financial matters.
Ohne eine entsprechende Vollmacht können Sie nicht über das Konto Ihres Mannes verfügen.

Haft
“Haft” translates to custody or detention, the condition of being imprisoned or held.
Nach der Verurteilung wurde der Verbrecher sofort in Haft genommen.

Gerichtsverfahren
A “Gerichtsverfahren” is a legal or court proceeding, the sequence of steps in the administration of justice.
Das Gerichtsverfahren dauerte mehrere Monate und endete mit einem Freispruch.

Arming oneself with these legal terms allows for a clearer understanding of German legal documents, court proceedings, and laws. Whether you’re a legal professional, a student of German, or someone who needs to navigate legal matters in Germany, knowing this vocabulary will be immensely beneficial.

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