Understanding how to express emotions and mental states is a crucial aspect of mastering any language, including Arabic. Whether you’re a beginner or advancing your skills, being familiar with such expressions can greatly improve your conversational abilities and help you connect with native speakers. Below is a list of expressions for describing emotions and mental states in Arabic, complete with definitions and example sentences.

سعيد (sa‘eed)
This word means “happy” or “joyful” in Arabic. It’s used to express a state of happiness or contentment.
أنا سعيد لرؤيتك اليوم. (Ana sa‘eed liru’yatika alyawm.) – I am happy to see you today.

حزين (ḥazīn)
Meaning “sad” in Arabic, it’s used when someone is feeling sorrowful or unhappy.
هو حزين بسبب رحيل صديقه. (Huwa ḥazīn bisebb rahīl ṣadiqihi.) – He is sad because of his friend’s departure.

غاضب (ghāḍib)
This term is used for “angry” or expressing annoyance or anger.
لماذا أنت غاضب؟ (Lemādhā anta ghāḍib?) – Why are you angry?

خائف (khā’if)
“Scared” or “frightened” can be conveyed with this word.
الطفل خائف من الظلام. (Al-ṭifl khā’if min al-ẓulam.) – The child is scared of the dark.

متحمس (mutaḥammis)
To show enthusiasm or excitement, “excited” is described as “mutaḥammis” in Arabic.
أنا متحمس للسفر إلى بلد جديد. (Ana mutaḥammis lil-safar ilā balad jadīd.) – I am excited to travel to a new country.

مرتاح (murtaaḥ)
This means “comfortable” or “at ease.” It’s used when someone is feeling relaxed.
أشعر بالراحة عندما أكون في المنزل. (Ash‘ur biraḥah ‘indamā akūn fī al-bayt.) – I feel comfortable when I am at home.

متوتر (mutawattir)
When someone feels “nervous” or “anxious,” the word “mutawattir” is used.
أصبح متوتراً قبل الامتحان. (Aṣbaḥ mutawattiran qabl al-imtiḥān.) – He becomes nervous before the exam.

مندهش (mundahish)
For expressing the feeling of being “amazed” or “astonished,” use “mundahish.”
كان مندهشًا من جمال الطبيعة. (Kāna mundahishan min jamāl aṭ-ṭabī‘ah.) – He was amazed by the beauty of nature.

قلق (qalīq)
This word is used for “worried” or “concerned.”
الأم قلقة على صحة ابنها. (Al-umm qalīqah ‘alā ṣiḥḥat ibniha.) – The mother is worried about her son’s health.

متفائل (mutafa’il)
When someone is feeling “optimistic” or hopeful, “mutafa’il” is the suitable word.
هو متفائل بمستقبل أفضل. (Huwa mutafa’’il bimustaqbal afdal.) – He is optimistic about a better future.

محبط (muḥbaṭ)
“Disappointed” or “frustrated” can be conveyed with “muḥbaṭ.”
شعر بالإحباط بعد فشل المشروع. (Shā‘ir bil-iḥbāṭ ba‘da fashal almashrū‘.) – He felt disappointed after the project failed.

مشتاق (mushtāq)
To express “missing” someone or feeling “longing,” use “mushtāq.”
أنا مشتاق لرؤية أسرتي. (Ana mushtāq liru’yah usratī.) – I am missing my family.

These expressions are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to articulating emotions and mental states in Arabic. Practice them regularly to enhance your vocabulary and to be able to express yourself accurately in various situations. Remember, language is the bridge to understanding different cultures, and being able to express emotion is a cornerstone of that bridge.