Basic Vocabulary

As you advance to the B1 level, it’s important to solidify your understanding of basic vocabulary. These words are foundational and will help you build more complex sentences.

– **Аз** (az) – I
– **Ти** (ti) – You (singular, informal)
– **Той** (toy) – He
– **Тя** (tya) – She
– **То** (to) – It
– **Ние** (nie) – We
– **Вие** (vie) – You (plural or formal)
– **Те** (te) – They

Understanding these pronouns will allow you to construct sentences about yourself and others. Additionally, make sure you know the basic verbs such as:

– **Съм** (sǎm) – To be
– **Имам** (imam) – To have
– **Мога** (moga) – To be able to

For example:
– Аз **съм** студент. (I am a student.)
– Ти **имаш** котка. (You have a cat.)
– Ние **можем** да говорим български. (We can speak Bulgarian.)

Common Adjectives

Adjectives are essential for describing people, places, and things. Here are some common adjectives you should know:

– **Голям** (golyam) – Big
– **Малък** (malǎk) – Small
– **Нов** (nov) – New
– **Стар** (star) – Old
– **Красив** (krasiv) – Beautiful
– **Грозен** (grozen) – Ugly
– **Бърз** (bǎrz) – Fast
– **Бавен** (baven) – Slow

Using these adjectives, you can describe a variety of situations:
– Къщата е **голяма**. (The house is big.)
– Това е **нов** автомобил. (This is a new car.)

Everyday Phrases

Being able to engage in everyday conversations is crucial at the B1 level. Here are some phrases that will be useful:

– **Как си?** (Kak si?) – How are you?
– **Добре съм, благодаря.** (Dobre sǎm, blagodarya.) – I’m fine, thank you.
– **Какво правиш?** (Kakvo pravish?) – What are you doing?
– **Къде отиваш?** (Kǎde otivash?) – Where are you going?
– **Имам нужда от помощ.** (Imam nuzhda ot pomosht.) – I need help.
– **Колко струва това?** (Kolko struva tova?) – How much does this cost?

These phrases will help you interact with people in various settings, from casual meetings to asking for assistance in stores.

Time and Date

Understanding time and date is essential for making plans and organizing your schedule. Here are some key words and phrases:

– **Час** (chas) – Hour
– **Минута** (minuta) – Minute
– **Секунда** (sekunda) – Second
– **Ден** (den) – Day
– **Седмица** (sedmitsa) – Week
– **Месец** (mesets) – Month
– **Година** (godina) – Year

For example:
– Колко е **часът**? (What time is it?)
– Ще се видим след една **седмица**. (We will see each other in a week.)

Numbers

Being able to count and understand numbers is fundamental. Here are the numbers 1 to 20 in Bulgarian:

1. **Едно** (edno)
2. **Две** (dve)
3. **Три** (tri)
4. **Четири** (chetiri)
5. **Пет** (pet)
6. **Шест** (shest)
7. **Седем** (sedem)
8. **Осем** (osem)
9. **Девет** (devet)
10. **Десет** (deset)
11. **Единадесет** (edinadeset)
12. **Дванадесет** (dvanadeset)
13. **Тринадесет** (trinadeset)
14. **Четиринадесет** (chetirinadeset)
15. **Петнадесет** (petnadeset)
16. **Шестнадесет** (shestnadeset)
17. **Седемнадесет** (sedemnadeset)
18. **Осемнадесет** (osemnadeset)
19. **Деветнадесет** (devetnadeset)
20. **Двадесет** (dvadeset)

You will find numbers useful in many situations, such as shopping, telling time, or even discussing age and dates.

Shopping and Dining

When you’re out shopping or dining, knowing the right vocabulary is crucial. Here are some key words and phrases:

– **Магазин** (magazin) – Shop
– **Ресторант** (restorant) – Restaurant
– **Меню** (menyu) – Menu
– **Сметка** (smetka) – Bill
– **Пари** (pari) – Money
– **Отстъпка** (otstǎpka) – Discount
– **Хляб** (hlyab) – Bread
– **Мляко** (mlyako) – Milk

Useful phrases:
– **Имате ли меню на английски?** (Imate li menyu na angliyski?) – Do you have an English menu?
– **Бих искал да поръчам.** (Bikh iskal da porǎcham.) – I would like to order.
– **Колко струва това?** (Kolko struva tova?) – How much does this cost?
– **Може ли сметката?** (Mozhe li smetkata?) – Can I have the bill?

These words and phrases will help you navigate Bulgarian shops and restaurants with ease.

Transport and Directions

Getting around is an essential part of daily life. Here are some important words and phrases related to transport and directions:

– **Автобус** (avtobus) – Bus
– **Влак** (vlak) – Train
– **Такси** (taksi) – Taxi
– **Летище** (letishte) – Airport
– **Билет** (bilet) – Ticket
– **Гара** (gara) – Station

Useful phrases:
– **Къде е автобусната спирка?** (Kǎde e avtobusnata spirka?) – Where is the bus stop?
– **Колко струва билетът?** (Kolko struva biletǎt?) – How much is the ticket?
– **Може ли да ме закарате до летището?** (Mozhe li da me zakarate do letishteto?) – Can you take me to the airport?
– **Извинете, как да стигна до гарата?** (Izvinete, kak da stigna do garata?) – Excuse me, how do I get to the station?

Health and Emergencies

Knowing how to talk about health and handle emergencies is vital. Here are some key words and phrases:

– **Лекар** (lekar) – Doctor
– **Болница** (bolnitsa) – Hospital
– **Аптека** (apteka) – Pharmacy
– **Спешен случай** (speshen sluchay) – Emergency
– **Болка** (bolka) – Pain

Useful phrases:
– **Имам нужда от лекар.** (Imam nuzhda ot lekar.) – I need a doctor.
– **Къде е най-близката болница?** (Kǎde e nay-blizkata bolnitsa?) – Where is the nearest hospital?
– **Боли ме главата.** (Boli me glavata.) – My head hurts.
– **Това е спешен случай.** (Tova e speshen sluchay.) – This is an emergency.

These words and phrases can be life-saving in critical situations.

Weather

Talking about the weather is a common topic of conversation. Here are some essential words and phrases:

– **Време** (vreme) – Weather
– **Слънчево** (slǎnchevo) – Sunny
– **Облачно** (oblachno) – Cloudy
– **Дъждовно** (dǎzhdovno) – Rainy
– **Снежно** (snezhno) – Snowy
– **Студено** (studeno) – Cold
– **Топло** (toplo) – Warm

Useful phrases:
– **Какво е времето днес?** (Kakvo e vremeto dnes?) – What is the weather like today?
– **Ще бъде ли слънчево утре?** (Shte bǎde li slǎnchevo utre?) – Will it be sunny tomorrow?
– **Днес е много студено.** (Dnes e mnogo studeno.) – Today is very cold.

Understanding and discussing the weather will help you engage in daily small talk.

Work and Education

If you are working or studying in Bulgaria, these words and phrases will be particularly useful:

– **Работа** (rabota) – Work
– **Офис** (ofis) – Office
– **Училище** (uchilishte) – School
– **Университет** (universitet) – University
– **Колега** (kolega) – Colleague
– **Учител** (uchitel) – Teacher
– **Ученик** (uchenik) – Student

Useful phrases:
– **Къде работиш?** (Kǎde rabotish?) – Where do you work?
– **Работя в офис.** (Raboty v ofis.) – I work in an office.
– **Коя е любимата ти дисциплина?** (Koya e lyubimata ti disciplina?) – What is your favorite subject?

These words and phrases will help you navigate your professional and educational environment.

Leisure and Entertainment

Talking about leisure activities and entertainment is a great way to connect with others. Here are some key words and phrases:

– **Филм** (film) – Movie
– **Книга** (kniga) – Book
– **Музика** (muzika) – Music
– **Театър** (teatǎr) – Theater
– **Концерт** (kontsert) – Concert
– **Спорт** (sport) – Sport
– **Хоби** (hobi) – Hobby

Useful phrases:
– **Какъв филм искаш да гледаш?** (Kakǎv film iskash da gledash?) – What movie do you want to watch?
– **Обичам да чета книги.** (Obicham da cheta knigi.) – I love reading books.
– **Ходиш ли на концерти?** (Hodish li na kontserti?) – Do you go to concerts?

Discussing leisure activities can help you find common interests with others and build friendships.

Advanced Verbs

At the B1 level, you’ll need to expand your verb vocabulary. Here are some useful verbs:

– **Питам** (pitam) – To ask
– **Отговарям** (otgovaryam) – To answer
– **Обяснявам** (obyasnyavam) – To explain
– **Чакам** (chakam) – To wait
– **Запомням** (zapomnyam) – To remember
– **Забравям** (zabravyam) – To forget

Using these verbs, you can create more complex sentences:
– **Питам** учителя за домашното. (I ask the teacher about the homework.)
– Той **чака** автобуса. (He is waiting for the bus.)

Conclusion

Reaching the B1 level in Bulgarian is a significant milestone. By mastering these essential words and phrases, you will be well-equipped to handle more complex conversations, understand written and spoken Bulgarian better, and immerse yourself more fully in Bulgarian culture. Remember, practice makes perfect, so use these words and phrases as often as you can to enhance your fluency and confidence. Good luck on your language learning journey!