Understanding the difference between addysg (education) and addysg uwch (higher education) is crucial for anyone interested in the educational landscape of Wales. Education is a broad concept encompassing all forms of learning, while higher education specifically refers to post-secondary education typically undertaken at universities. This article will explore both terms in detail, providing essential vocabulary for English speakers learning Welsh.

Addysg (Education)

Addysg is the Welsh word for education. It encompasses all levels of formal and informal learning, starting from early childhood education through to secondary school.

Mae addysg yn hanfodol i ddatblygiad personol.

Ysgol means school. This is where most formal education takes place for children and teenagers.

Mae plant yn mynd i’r ysgol i ddysgu sgiliau sylfaenol.

Athro (male) or athrawes (female) means teacher. These are the professionals responsible for delivering education.

Mae’r athro yn esbonio’r wers i’r dosbarth.

Disgybl means pupil or student. This term is usually used for children in primary and secondary education.

Mae’r disgybl yn astudio’n galed ar gyfer yr arholiadau.

Gwers means lesson. This is a structured period of learning in a school or educational setting.

Mae’r wers yn dechrau am naw o’r gloch.

Arholiad means exam. Exams are a common way to assess a student’s understanding and knowledge in a particular subject.

Mae’n rhaid i mi baratoi ar gyfer yr arholiad mathemateg.

Cyflawniad means achievement. This term is often used to describe the successful completion of a particular educational milestone.

Mae cael gradd dda yn gyflawniad mawr.

Adroddiad means report. Schools often give students and parents reports on academic progress.

Mae’r adroddiad ysgol yn dangos fy nghynnydd.

Addysg Uwch (Higher Education)

Addysg uwch refers to higher education, which typically begins after the completion of secondary education. This includes universities, colleges, and vocational schools.

Mae llawer o fyfyrwyr yn dewis mynd i addysg uwch ar ôl gorffen ysgol uwchradd.

Prifysgol means university. This is an institution of higher learning where students pursue undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.

Rydw i’n astudio yn y brifysgol ym Mangor.

Coleg means college. In Wales, this can refer to a further education institution that offers vocational courses and A-levels.

Mae fy chwaer yn mynd i’r coleg lleol i astudio busnes.

Gradd means degree. This is an academic qualification awarded by universities and colleges upon completion of a course of study.

Rydw i wedi ennill gradd mewn Hanes.

Myfyriwr (male) or myfyrwraig (female) means student, but in the context of higher education. These terms are used for those studying at a university or college.

Mae’r myfyriwr yn astudio am ei radd.

Darlith means lecture. This is a formal talk on a subject, typically given to university students.

Rydw i’n mynd i ddarlith ar hanes Ewrop yfory.

Traethawd means essay. Essays are a common form of assessment in higher education, requiring students to explore a topic in depth.

Mae angen i mi ysgrifennu traethawd ar gyfer fy nghwrs llenyddiaeth.

Cwrs means course. This refers to a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject.

Rydw i wedi cofrestru ar gwrs mathemateg.

Llyfrgell means library. This is a place where students can study and access a wide range of academic resources.

Rydw i’n treulio llawer o amser yn y llyfrgell yn astudio.

Understanding the Transition: From Addysg to Addysg Uwch

The transition from addysg to addysg uwch is a significant step in a student’s academic journey. This phase is marked by increased independence, specialization in a field of study, and a shift from a structured school environment to a more self-directed form of learning.

Bagloriaeth is the Welsh term for Baccalaureate, a qualification that students often complete before moving on to higher education.

Mae’r Bagloriaeth yn helpu myfyrwyr i baratoi ar gyfer y brifysgol.

Cyflogadwyedd means employability. Higher education often focuses on enhancing a student’s skills and knowledge to improve their job prospects.

Mae addysg uwch yn gallu cynyddu cyflogadwyedd myfyrwyr.

Ymchwil means research. This is a key component of higher education, particularly at the postgraduate level.

Mae’n rhaid i fyfyrwyr PhD wneud llawer o ymchwil.

Ymarferol means practical. Higher education courses often include practical elements to complement theoretical learning.

Mae’r cwrs hwn yn cynnwys llawer o waith ymarferol.

Arbenigol means specialized. Higher education allows students to focus on a specialized area of study.

Rydw i eisiau arbenigo mewn cemeg.

Prosiect means project. Students often work on projects, which can be individual or group assignments, as part of their coursework.

Mae angen i ni gwblhau prosiect grŵp erbyn diwedd y tymor.

Gradd Meistr means Master’s degree. This is a postgraduate qualification that follows an undergraduate degree.

Rydw i’n astudio am Gradd Meistr mewn Rheolaeth.

Doethuriaeth means Doctorate or PhD. This is the highest level of academic degree.

Mae’n rhaid i mi wneud ymchwil ar gyfer fy Doethuriaeth.

The Role of Addysg and Addysg Uwch in Wales

In Wales, both addysg and addysg uwch play crucial roles in the development of individuals and society. The Welsh Government places a strong emphasis on education at all levels, ensuring that students have access to quality learning opportunities.

Polisi means policy. Education policies in Wales aim to promote inclusivity and high standards.

Mae’r polisi addysg yn cefnogi dysgu gydol oes.

Cyllid means funding. Both education and higher education institutions receive funding to support their operations and initiatives.

Mae’r brifysgol yn derbyn cyllid gan y llywodraeth.

Cymdeithas means society. Education is seen as a key factor in the development and progress of society.

Mae addysg yn bwysig i ddatblygiad cymdeithas.

Cyfleoedd means opportunities. Education provides numerous opportunities for personal and professional growth.

Mae addysg uwch yn agor llawer o gyfleoedd newydd.

Diwylliant means culture. The educational system in Wales also plays a role in preserving and promoting Welsh culture and language.

Mae’r diwylliant Cymreig yn bwysig yn y cwricwlwm addysg.

Mentoriaeth means mentorship. Mentorship programs are often part of higher education, providing guidance and support to students.

Mae gen i fentor yn fy mhrosiect ymchwil.

Gwaith Cwrs means coursework. This refers to the assignments and projects that students complete as part of their studies.

Rydw i’n gweithio ar fy ngwaith cwrs gwyddoniaeth.

Interniaeth means internship. Internships provide practical experience in a professional setting, often as part of higher education programs.

Rydw i’n gwneud interniaeth mewn cwmni peirianneg.

Rhyngwladol means international. Many higher education institutions in Wales have international students and partnerships.

Mae’r brifysgol yn cynnig rhaglenni rhyngwladol.

Dysgu Gydol Oes means lifelong learning. This concept emphasizes the importance of continuous education throughout one’s life.

Mae dysgu gydol oes yn bwysig mewn byd sy’n newid yn gyflym.

In conclusion, understanding the terms addysg and addysg uwch is fundamental for anyone interested in the Welsh educational system. From primary school to university, each stage of education plays a vital role in personal and societal development. The Welsh language provides a rich vocabulary to describe these concepts, and learning these terms can enhance your understanding and appreciation of education in Wales.