نظرية (Nazariyah)
Definition: Theory; a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world.
تم تقديم نظرية جديدة في مؤتمر الفيزياء.
(Translation: A new theory was presented at the physics conference.)

بحث (Bahth)
Definition: Research; a systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
نشر الأستاذ بحثه الأخير في مجلة علمية مرموقة.
(Translation: The professor published his latest research in a prestigious scientific journal.)

تجربة (Tajriba)
Definition: Experiment; a procedure carried out to test a hypothesis or demonstrate a known fact.
يعمل الطلاب على تجربة علمية في المختبر.
(Translation: The students are working on a scientific experiment in the lab.)

متغير (Mutaghayir)
Definition: Variable; an element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change.
يجب التحكم في المتغيرات أثناء إجراء التجربة.
(Translation: The variables must be controlled during the experiment.)

منهجية (Manhajiya)
Definition: Methodology; a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.
تستند الدراسة إلى منهجية بحثية معتمدة.
(Translation: The study is based on an established research methodology.)

استنتاج (Istintaj)
Definition: Conclusion; a judgment or decision reached by reasoning.
وصل الباحث إلى استنتاجات مهمة في ختام البحث.
(Translation: The researcher arrived at important conclusions at the end of the study.)

مفهوم (Mafhum)
Definition: Concept; an abstract idea or general notion.
يصعب فهم هذا المفهوم دون خلفية في الفلسفة.
(Translation: This concept is difficult to understand without a background in philosophy.)

نشر (Nashr)
Definition: Publish; to make content available to the public.
نشر العالم أطروحته في دورية علمية متخصصة.
(Translation: The scientist published his thesis in a specialized scientific journal.)

مختبر (Mukhtabar)
Definition: Laboratory; a room or building equipped for scientific experiments, research, or teaching.
تم تجهيز المختبر بأحدث الأجهزة العلمية.
(Translation: The laboratory was equipped with the latest scientific equipment.)

دراسة (Dirasa)
Definition: Study; a detailed investigation and analysis of a subject or situation.
أُجريت دراسة موسعة حول تأثير التغير المناخي.
(Translation: An extensive study on the impact of climate change was conducted.)

By incorporating these terms into your vocabulary, you’ll be better equipped to engage with academic and scientific texts and explore the rich world of Arabic scholarly writing. It’s essential to practice these words in context, by reading articles, listening to lectures, or writing essays in Arabic to reinforce your understanding and usage of these terms.