In learning the Kazakh language, learners often encounter words that may sound somewhat similar but have completely different meanings. Two such words are тарту and тұру. These words are not only fundamental to daily conversation but also crucial for understanding the nuances of the language. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on the usage of these words, along with example sentences and vocabulary to aid in learning.
Тарту – To Pull
The word тарту in Kazakh means “to pull.” It can be used in various contexts, whether you are talking about pulling a door open, pulling a rope, or even pulling someone’s attention towards something.
Тарту – to pull
Мен есікті тарттым.
(I pulled the door.)
Есікті – door (accusative case)
Есікті ашу үшін тарту керек.
(You need to pull the door to open it.)
Арқан – rope
Ол арқанды қатты тартты.
(He pulled the rope hard.)
Зейін – attention
Ол оқушылардың зейінін тартты.
(He drew the students’ attention.)
Тұру – To Stand
On the other hand, тұру means “to stand.” This verb is used to describe the action of standing up, being in an upright position, or even stopping at a place.
Тұру – to stand
Мен орнымнан тұрдым.
(I stood up from my place.)
Орын – place, seat
Ол орнында тұр.
(He is standing at his place.)
Тік – upright
Ол тік тұрады.
(He stands upright.)
Тоқтау – to stop
Автобус аялдамада тұрды.
(The bus stopped at the bus stop.)
Combining Тарту and Тұру
Interestingly, there are situations where both тарту and тұру can be used in the same context but with different meanings. For example:
Тарту – to pull
Мен есікті тарттым, бірақ ол ашылмады.
(I pulled the door, but it didn’t open.)
Тұру – to stand
Мен есіктің алдында тұрдым, бірақ ешкім ашпады.
(I stood in front of the door, but no one opened it.)
Contextual Differences
Understanding the context in which these words are used is crucial for mastering their meanings. Let’s look at some more examples to further clarify their usage.
Күш – strength
Ол күшімен арқанды тартты.
(He pulled the rope with his strength.)
Қозғалу – to move
Ол тұрды да, бөлмеден шықты.
(He stood up and left the room.)
Қабілет – ability
Ол өзінің қабілетімен зейін тартты.
(He drew attention with his ability.)
Күту – to wait
Ол автобус келгенше тұрды.
(He stood until the bus arrived.)
Common Mistakes
While both words are relatively straightforward, learners often make mistakes when using them interchangeably. Here are some common mistakes and how to avoid them:
Тарту – to pull
Мен есікті тұрдым.
(This is incorrect. It should be “Мен есікті тарттым.”)
Тұру – to stand
Мен орнымнан тарттым.
(This is incorrect. It should be “Мен орнымнан тұрдым.”)
Exercises for Practice
To help solidify your understanding, here are some exercises you can do:
1. Translate the following sentences into Kazakh:
– I pulled the chair.
– She stood in the hallway.
– They pulled the rope together.
– He stood at the bus stop.
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of тарту or тұру:
– Ол ______ да, сөйлей бастады.
– Біз есікті ______ керек.
– Мен орнымнан ______.
– Ол күшімен арқанды ______.
3. Create your own sentences using both тарту and тұру in different contexts.
Conclusion
Understanding the difference between тарту and тұру is essential for anyone learning Kazakh. These words may seem similar but have distinct meanings and usages. Through practice and contextual learning, you can master these verbs and enhance your fluency in the language.
