Kazakh, a Turkic language spoken in Kazakhstan and several other countries, has its unique set of vocabulary and grammar rules. Two such words that often confuse learners are тарту (to pull) and түсу (to fall). While these verbs may seem simple at first glance, they each have specific contexts and nuances that make them fascinating to study. This article will delve into the meanings, uses, and various forms of these words, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of how to use them correctly.

Understanding Тарту (To Pull)

The verb тарту in Kazakh means “to pull.” It can be used in various contexts, from physical pulling to more abstract forms of pulling, such as attracting attention or drawing a conclusion. Below are some common uses and forms of the verb тарту.

Тарту – To pull.
Ол есікті тартты.
He pulled the door.

Тартылу – To be pulled (passive form).
Арқан тартылды.
The rope was pulled.

Тартқыш – A puller or a tool used for pulling.
Ол тартқышпен шегелерді суырды.
He pulled out the nails with the puller.

Тарту can also be used metaphorically. For example, you can use it to describe attracting attention or drawing a conclusion:

Тарту – To attract or draw.
Оның сөзі көпшіліктің назарын тартты.
His words attracted the attention of the crowd.

Қорытынды шығару – To draw a conclusion.
Біз бұл деректерден қорытынды шығардық.
We drew a conclusion from these data.

Common Expressions with Тарту

There are various idiomatic expressions in Kazakh that use the verb тарту. Here are a few examples:

Тартылу – To be attracted (in a non-physical sense).
Ол өнерге тартылды.
He was attracted to art.

Тарту – To suffer or endure.
Ол көп қиындықтар тартты.
He endured many hardships.

Understanding Түсу (To Fall)

The verb түсу in Kazakh means “to fall.” This verb is used to describe the action of something or someone falling, either physically or metaphorically. Here are some common uses and forms of the verb түсу.

Түсу – To fall.
Жапырақ ағаштан түсті.
The leaf fell from the tree.

Түсіп кету – To fall down suddenly or unexpectedly.
Ол баспалдақтан түсіп кетті.
He suddenly fell down the stairs.

Құлау – Another verb for falling, often used interchangeably with түсу.
Балалар жерге құлады.
The children fell to the ground.

Like тарту, түсу can also be used metaphorically. For example, it can describe a decline in status or fortune:

Түсу – To decline or drop.
Акциялар бағасы түсті.
The stock prices dropped.

Түсу – To come down (as in the sun setting or prices decreasing).
Күн батып, қараңғы түсті.
The sun set, and darkness fell.

Common Expressions with Түсу

The verb түсу is also part of many idiomatic expressions in Kazakh. Here are a few:

Түсіп қалу – To fail or to be left out.
Ол емтиханнан түсіп қалды.
He failed the exam.

Түсу – To arrive or to reach a destination.
Біз ауылға түстік.
We arrived in the village.

Түсу – To get off (a vehicle).
Ол автобусқа түсіп қалды.
He got off the bus.

Contrasting Тарту and Түсу

While тарту and түсу may seem straightforward, their uses in different contexts can be quite complex. Here are some points of contrast to help you understand their differences better:

1. **Physical vs. Metaphorical**: Both verbs can be used in physical and metaphorical senses. Тарту can mean physically pulling something or attracting attention, while түсу can mean physically falling or declining in status.

2. **Passive Forms**: The passive form of тарту is тартылу, while түсу doesn’t have a direct passive form but can be expressed in different ways like түсіп кету.

3. **Common Expressions**: Both verbs are used in a variety of idiomatic expressions, adding richness to the language.

Physical Contexts

In physical contexts, тарту and түсу are straightforward:

Тарту – To pull.
Ол арқанды тартты.
He pulled the rope.

Түсу – To fall.
Ол жерге түсті.
He fell to the ground.

Metaphorical Contexts

In metaphorical contexts, the meanings can be a bit nuanced:

Тарту – To attract.
Оның идеясы көпшіліктің назарын тартты.
His idea attracted the attention of the public.

Түсу – To decline or fail.
Экономика түсіп кетті.
The economy declined.

Expressions and Idioms

Both verbs are rich in idiomatic expressions:

Тарту – To endure hardships.
Ол өмірінде көп қиындықтар тартты.
He endured many hardships in his life.

Түсу – To fail an exam.
Ол математикадан емтиханнан түсіп қалды.
He failed the math exam.

Conclusion

Understanding the verbs тарту and түсу is crucial for anyone learning Kazakh. These verbs are not only common in everyday conversations but also rich in idiomatic expressions that add depth to the language. By mastering these verbs, you’ll be better equipped to understand and communicate effectively in Kazakh. So next time you hear or see these words, you’ll know exactly what they mean and how to use them appropriately.