Verb conjugation theory is an essential aspect of Japanese grammar that helps learners understand the various forms and meanings of verbs in different contexts. In Japanese, verbs undergo different conjugations to indicate tense, mood, and other grammatical elements. The two main verb categories are u-verbs and ru-verbs, based on their endings. U-verbs follow a set of rules involving vowel changes and the addition of certain endings, whereas ru-verbs primarily drop the final ru and attach new endings.

Conjugated forms also express different tenses such as past, present, and future, enabling speakers to convey precise temporal information. Additionally, there are various verb forms to express potentiality, volition, causation, and politeness levels. For example, the polite form (masu-form) is used in formal situations, while the plain form is commonly employed in casual conversations.

Understanding verb conjugation theory is crucial for building grammatically correct sentences, expressing nuances, and comprehending written and spoken Japanese. Consistent practice and exposure to different verb forms in context will help learners internalize and use them fluidly.