Tenses in Indonesian grammar refer to the different forms of verbs that indicate the time of an action or state of being. There are three primary tenses in Indonesian: past (mencerminkan suatu perbuatan atau keadaan yang terjadi di masa lalu), present (digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau keadaan yang terjadi saat ini), and future (menyatakan perbuatan atau keadaan yang akan terjadi di masa depan).

The past tense is formed by adding the prefix “me-“, followed by the verb root, and the suffix “-kan”. For example, “makan” (to eat) becomes “memakan” (ate).

The present tense is formed by removing any prefix or suffix from the verb root. For example, “makan” (to eat) remains as “makan”.

The future tense is formed by adding the prefix “akan” before the verb root. For example, “makan” (to eat) becomes “akan makan” (will eat).

In addition to these three primary tenses, Indonesian also has other tenses such as the subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. Each tense has its own rules and forms, which can sometimes be complex. As a grammar teacher, it is important to explain these rules clearly to students and provide them with plenty of practice to reinforce their understanding of tenses in Indonesian grammar.