Tense Comparison Theory in Estonian Grammar focuses on the comparison of tenses in sentences to express different time references. Estonian has three primary tenses – present, past, and future – along with their corresponding forms.

To compare tenses, we examine the verb conjugation patterns coupled with time adverbs or particles. For example, to express the present tense, we use the base form of the verb. However, to convey the past tense, we modify the verb by adding the suffix ‘-s’ to the root form. Finally, to indicate the future tense, we use the auxiliary verb ‘saama’ followed by the base form of the main verb.

Furthermore, the Tense Comparison Theory explains the usage of time adverbs or particles. Estonian employs various adverbs and particles like ‘täna’ (today), ‘eile’ (yesterday), and ‘homme’ (tomorrow) to express specific time references. Moreover, we use additional particles like ‘enam’ (anymore) and ‘veel’ (still) to convey specific temporal nuances in sentences.

Understanding and applying the Tense Comparison Theory is crucial for mastering Estonian grammar and effectively communicating in different time frames.