In Malay grammar, pronouns and determiners play a crucial role in expressing different concepts and indicating the function of nouns in a sentence. Pronouns, known as “kata ganti nama,” are words that substitute for nouns. They are categorized into several types based on their function and role in a sentence. Personal pronouns such as “saya” (I), “kamu” (you), and “mereka” (they) replace specific persons or objects. Possessive pronouns such as “milik saya” (mine), “milik kamu” (yours), and “milik mereka” (theirs) show ownership.

Determiners, known as “pembantu penentu,” precede and modify nouns, indicating their quantity, specificity, and definiteness. There are several types of determiners in Malay grammar. Definite determiners such as “ini” (this) and “itu” (that) point to specific objects or concepts. Indefinite determiners such as “satu” (one) and “beberapa” (some) indicate an unspecified or general quantity. Quantitative determiners such as “banyak” (many) and “sedikit” (few) provide information on the amount of something.

Understanding the theory of pronouns and determiners is essential in mastering the Malay language. They help to convey precise meanings and enable effective communication in various contexts.