Progressive theory in Latvian grammar refers to the concept of expressing ongoing actions or states in the present tense. In Latvian, the progressive aspect is formed using the auxiliary verb “esmu” (to be) together with the present participle of the main verb.

For example, to express “I am reading,” we would say “es lasu,” where “es” is the first-person singular form of “esmu” and “lasu” is the present participle of “lasīt” (to read).

The progressive aspect is used to emphasize that an action is happening at the present moment, and it is often used to describe temporary or ongoing activities. It can also be used to convey a sense of surprise or irritation.

It is important to note that not all verbs in Latvian can be used in the progressive aspect. Some common examples of verbs that do not take the progressive form include verbs of mental state (e.g., “domāt” – to think) and verbs of possession (e.g., “būt” – to have).

Overall, the progressive theory in Latvian grammar adds a dynamic and nuanced aspect to the language, allowing for more precise descriptions of actions and states in the present tense.