Language: Perfect Progressive

Perfect progressive theory, also known as the perfect continuous tense, is an essential aspect of Estonian grammar. This tense combines the elements of both the perfect and progressive aspects. It expresses an ongoing action that started in the past, continued in the present, and may possibly continue into the future.

To form the perfect progressive tense in Estonian, we use the auxiliary verb “olema” (to be) in the present tense, followed by the main verb in the form of the participle “olnud” (been) and the present participle “tegemas” (doing). For example, “Ma olen olnud õppimas” means “I have been studying” in English.

The perfect progressive tense is often used to describe actions that have been ongoing for a specific duration of time, or actions that have recently finished. It adds a sense of continuity and duration to the action being described.

Understanding and mastering the perfect progressive tense is crucial for achieving fluency in Estonian. It enables learners to express themselves more effectively and accurately, as they will be able to convey actions that are currently in progress or have recently been completed.