In Indonesian grammar, the concept of conditionals is expressed through the use of certain verb forms and conjunctions. There are two main types of conditionals in Indonesian: real conditionals (present/future) and unreal conditionals (past).

Real conditionals are used to express situations that are likely or certain to happen. They are formed by using the verb “jika” (if) followed by the present tense verb. For example, “Jika saya pergi ke toko, saya akan membeli roti” translates to “If I go to the store, I will buy bread.”

Unreal conditionals, on the other hand, are used to express hypothetical or unreal situations. They are formed by using the verb “jika” (if) followed by the past tense verb. For example, “Jika saya bisa bermain piano, saya akan menjadi seorang musisi” translates to “If I could play the piano, I would become a musician.”

It is important to note that in Indonesian, there is no distinction between the second and third conditional as in English. Both types of conditionals are expressed using the same verb forms and conjunctions.