Reflexive pronouns in Macedonian grammar are of great importance. They are commonly used to refer back to the subject of the clause where they are found, indicating that the action of the verb is directed at itself. These pronouns give sentences a sense of reciprocity or emphasize the subject’s involvement in the action. They typically take the forms of ‘ŃŠµŠ±Šµ’, ‘ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø’, ‘ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø’, ‘ŃŠµŠ±Šµ Š¼Ń’ and so on, depending on the person and case.
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate reflexive pronouns
1. Š¢Š°Š° ŃŃŠø Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself) Š“Š° ŃŠ²ŠøŃŠø Š½Š° ŠæŠøŃŠ°Š½Š¾.
2. Š¢Š¾Ń Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š°ŃŠµ Š²Š¾ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (himself) Š²Š¾ Š¾Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š°Š»Š¾ŃŠ¾.
3. ŠŠ°Ń ŃŠµ ŃŠµ ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š¶Š°Š¼ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself) ŠŗŠ°ŠŗŠ¾ Š²ŠøŃŃŠøŠ½ŃŠŗŠø ŠæŃŠøŃŠ°ŃŠµŠ».
4. ŠŠøŠµ ŃŃŠµŠ±Š° Š“Š° ŃŠ° Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š°ŃŠµ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself) Š²Š¾ Š¾Š²Š°Š° ŃŠøŃŃŠ°ŃŠøŃŠ°.
5. Š¢ŠøŠµ ŃŠµ Š¾Š±ŠøŠ“ŃŠ²Š°Š°Ń Š“Š° ŃŠµ Š½Š°Š“Š¼ŠøŠ½Š°Ń *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves).
6. ŠŠøŠ»Š¾Ń Š¼ŠøŃŠ»Šø ŃŠ°Š¼Š¾ Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (himself).
7. Š”ŃŠ°Š²Šø Š³Šø Š¾ŃŠøŠ»Š°ŃŠ° Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself).
8. ŠŠ¾Šµ ŠæŃŠµŠæŠ¾ŃŠ°ŃŃŠ²Š° Š“Š° ŃŠ° ŠæŠ¾Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š½ŠµŃ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø*(herself).
9. ŠŠ°Š»Šø Š¼Š¾Š¶Šµ Š“Š° ŃŠµ Š²ŠøŠ“ŠøŃ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself) Š²Š¾ ŠøŠ“Š½ŠøŠ½Š°?
10. ŠŠ½Š°Š° Š½ŠøŠŗŠ¾Š³Š°Ń Š½Šµ ŃŠ° ŠæŃŠ¾ŃŠ»Š°Š²ŠøŠ»Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself).
11. Š¢Š°Š° Š³Šø ŠæŠ¾Š“Š³Š¾ŃŠ²Šø ŃŠøŃŠµ Š¾Š±ŃŠ¾ŃŠø Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself).
12. Š¢Š¾Ń Š²Š¾Š¾ŠæŃŃŠ¾ Š½Šµ Š¼ŠøŃŠ»ŠµŠ» Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (himself).
13. Š¢Šø Š³Š¾ Š“Š¾Š“Š°Š“Š¾Š²Š° Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself) ŠæŠ¾ŃŃŠøŠ³Š½ŃŠ²Š°ŃŠµŃŠ¾.
14. ŠŠµŠ¼Š¾Ń Š“Š° Š±ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ ŃŠ¾Š° ŃŃŠ¾ ŃŠøŠµ Š²ŠµŠ»Š°Ń, Š±ŠøŠ“Šø *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself).
15. ŠŠøŠµ Š³Šø ŠæŃŠøŠ·Š½Š°Š²Š°Š¼Šµ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (ourselves) ŠŗŠ°ŠŗŠ¾ Š½Š°ŃŠæŃŠµŠ²Š°ŃŠ½ŠøŃŠø.
2. Š¢Š¾Ń Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š°ŃŠµ Š²Š¾ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (himself) Š²Š¾ Š¾Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š°Š»Š¾ŃŠ¾.
3. ŠŠ°Ń ŃŠµ ŃŠµ ŠæŠ¾ŠŗŠ°Š¶Š°Š¼ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself) ŠŗŠ°ŠŗŠ¾ Š²ŠøŃŃŠøŠ½ŃŠŗŠø ŠæŃŠøŃŠ°ŃŠµŠ».
4. ŠŠøŠµ ŃŃŠµŠ±Š° Š“Š° ŃŠ° Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š°ŃŠµ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself) Š²Š¾ Š¾Š²Š°Š° ŃŠøŃŃŠ°ŃŠøŃŠ°.
5. Š¢ŠøŠµ ŃŠµ Š¾Š±ŠøŠ“ŃŠ²Š°Š°Ń Š“Š° ŃŠµ Š½Š°Š“Š¼ŠøŠ½Š°Ń *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves).
6. ŠŠøŠ»Š¾Ń Š¼ŠøŃŠ»Šø ŃŠ°Š¼Š¾ Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (himself).
7. Š”ŃŠ°Š²Šø Š³Šø Š¾ŃŠøŠ»Š°ŃŠ° Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself).
8. ŠŠ¾Šµ ŠæŃŠµŠæŠ¾ŃŠ°ŃŃŠ²Š° Š“Š° ŃŠ° ŠæŠ¾Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š½ŠµŃ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø*(herself).
9. ŠŠ°Š»Šø Š¼Š¾Š¶Šµ Š“Š° ŃŠµ Š²ŠøŠ“ŠøŃ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself) Š²Š¾ ŠøŠ“Š½ŠøŠ½Š°?
10. ŠŠ½Š°Š° Š½ŠøŠŗŠ¾Š³Š°Ń Š½Šµ ŃŠ° ŠæŃŠ¾ŃŠ»Š°Š²ŠøŠ»Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself).
11. Š¢Š°Š° Š³Šø ŠæŠ¾Š“Š³Š¾ŃŠ²Šø ŃŠøŃŠµ Š¾Š±ŃŠ¾ŃŠø Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself).
12. Š¢Š¾Ń Š²Š¾Š¾ŠæŃŃŠ¾ Š½Šµ Š¼ŠøŃŠ»ŠµŠ» Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (himself).
13. Š¢Šø Š³Š¾ Š“Š¾Š“Š°Š“Š¾Š²Š° Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself) ŠæŠ¾ŃŃŠøŠ³Š½ŃŠ²Š°ŃŠµŃŠ¾.
14. ŠŠµŠ¼Š¾Ń Š“Š° Š±ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ ŃŠ¾Š° ŃŃŠ¾ ŃŠøŠµ Š²ŠµŠ»Š°Ń, Š±ŠøŠ“Šø *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself).
15. ŠŠøŠµ Š³Šø ŠæŃŠøŠ·Š½Š°Š²Š°Š¼Šµ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (ourselves) ŠŗŠ°ŠŗŠ¾ Š½Š°ŃŠæŃŠµŠ²Š°ŃŠ½ŠøŃŠø.
Exercise 2: Fill in the Refelxive Pronouns corresponding to English cues
1. ŠŠ°Ń ŃŠ°Š¼Š¾ Š¼Š¾Š¶Š°Š¼ Š“Š° Š±ŠøŠ“Š°Š¼ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself).
2. ŠŠøŠ²Š½ŠøŠ¾Ń ŃŃŠæŠµŃ Šµ Š·Š°ŃŠµŠ¼ŠøŃ Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves).
3. ŠŠ¾ ŠŗŠ¾ŠµŠ° ŃŠµ ŃŃŃŠµŠ¼ŠøŃ Š“Š° Š±ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ ŠæŠ¾Š“Š¾Š±Š°Ń Š¾Š“ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself)?
4. Š¢ŠøŠµ Š¾Š“Š»ŃŃŠøŃŠ° Š“Š° Š¼Ń Š“Š°Š“Š°Ń ŃŠ°Š½ŃŠ° Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves).
5. ŠŠ²Š° Šµ Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself), Š½Šµ Š·Š° Š¼ŠµŠ½Šµ.
6. Š¢Š¾Ń ŃŠµ ŠæŃŠµŠæŠ¾ŃŠ°ŃŃŠ²Š° Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ Š¼Ń* (himself).
7. Š¢Š°Š° Š²ŠµŠ»Šø Š“ŠµŠŗŠ° Š¼Š¾ŠøŃŠµ ŃŃŠæŠµŃŠø ŃŠµ Š·Š°ŃŠ°Š“Šø *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself).
8. ŠŠ°Ń Š½Š°ŃŃŠøŠ² Š“ŠµŠŗŠ° Š¼Š¾ŃŠ°Š¼ Š“Š° Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š°Š¼ Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself).
9. ŠŠøŠµ ŃŃŠµŠ±Š° Š“Š° Š³Šø Š¾Š±ŠøŃŠ°ŃŠµ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourselves).
10. ŠŠ°ŃŠ°ŃŠ° Š“ŠµŃŠ° Š¼Š¾Š¶Š°Ń Š“Š° ŃŠµ Š³ŃŠøŠ¶Š°Ń Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves).
11. Š¢Šø Š¼ŠøŃŠ»ŠøŃ Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself) ŠæŠ¾Š²ŠµŃŠµ Š¾ŃŠŗŠ¾Š»ŠŗŃ Š·Š° Š¼ŠµŠ½Šµ.
12. Š”Š°ŠŗŠ°Ń Š»Šø Š“Š° Š³Š¾ Š½Š°Š·Š½Š°ŃŠøŃ Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself)?
13. Š¢ŠøŠµ ŠŗŠ»ŃŃŠøŃŠ° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves) Š²Š¾ ŠæŃŠ¾Š±Š»ŠµŠ¼Šø.
14. Š”ŠøŃŠµ Š¼ŠøŃŠ»Š°Ń ŃŠ°Š¼Šø Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø*(themselves).
15. ŠŠµŠ½ŠøŃŠøŃŠ° ŃŠ° Š½Š°ŃŠ“Šµ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself) Š²Š¾ Š±ŠµŠ“Š°.
2. ŠŠøŠ²Š½ŠøŠ¾Ń ŃŃŠæŠµŃ Šµ Š·Š°ŃŠµŠ¼ŠøŃ Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves).
3. ŠŠ¾ ŠŗŠ¾ŠµŠ° ŃŠµ ŃŃŃŠµŠ¼ŠøŃ Š“Š° Š±ŠøŠ“ŠµŃ ŠæŠ¾Š“Š¾Š±Š°Ń Š¾Š“ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself)?
4. Š¢ŠøŠµ Š¾Š“Š»ŃŃŠøŃŠ° Š“Š° Š¼Ń Š“Š°Š“Š°Ń ŃŠ°Š½ŃŠ° Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves).
5. ŠŠ²Š° Šµ Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself), Š½Šµ Š·Š° Š¼ŠµŠ½Šµ.
6. Š¢Š¾Ń ŃŠµ ŠæŃŠµŠæŠ¾ŃŠ°ŃŃŠ²Š° Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ Š¼Ń* (himself).
7. Š¢Š°Š° Š²ŠµŠ»Šø Š“ŠµŠŗŠ° Š¼Š¾ŠøŃŠµ ŃŃŠæŠµŃŠø ŃŠµ Š·Š°ŃŠ°Š“Šø *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself).
8. ŠŠ°Ń Š½Š°ŃŃŠøŠ² Š“ŠµŠŗŠ° Š¼Š¾ŃŠ°Š¼ Š“Š° Š³Š»ŠµŠ“Š°Š¼ Š½Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (myself).
9. ŠŠøŠµ ŃŃŠµŠ±Š° Š“Š° Š³Šø Š¾Š±ŠøŃŠ°ŃŠµ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourselves).
10. ŠŠ°ŃŠ°ŃŠ° Š“ŠµŃŠ° Š¼Š¾Š¶Š°Ń Š“Š° ŃŠµ Š³ŃŠøŠ¶Š°Ń Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves).
11. Š¢Šø Š¼ŠøŃŠ»ŠøŃ Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself) ŠæŠ¾Š²ŠµŃŠµ Š¾ŃŠŗŠ¾Š»ŠŗŃ Š·Š° Š¼ŠµŠ½Šµ.
12. Š”Š°ŠŗŠ°Ń Š»Šø Š“Š° Š³Š¾ Š½Š°Š·Š½Š°ŃŠøŃ Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (yourself)?
13. Š¢ŠøŠµ ŠŗŠ»ŃŃŠøŃŠ° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (themselves) Š²Š¾ ŠæŃŠ¾Š±Š»ŠµŠ¼Šø.
14. Š”ŠøŃŠµ Š¼ŠøŃŠ»Š°Ń ŃŠ°Š¼Šø Š·Š° *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø*(themselves).
15. ŠŠµŠ½ŠøŃŠøŃŠ° ŃŠ° Š½Š°ŃŠ“Šµ *ŃŠµŠ±Šµ ŃŠø* (herself) Š²Š¾ Š±ŠµŠ“Š°.