In Portuguese grammar, the present tense is used to describe current actions, situations, and habits. There are three types of present tense forms: the present indicative, present subjunctive, and the present continuous. The present indicative is the most basic form and is used for facts, habitual actions, and general statements. The present subjunctive indicates uncertainty and is used in dependent clauses for hypothetical situations or expressing desires or wishes, while the present continuous is used for ongoing actions happening right now.